- 學位論文
氣候時代災害風險管理制度的檢討與建構—從災害防救到氣候保險
Disaster risk management system in A Climate Era－From Disaster Response to Climate Insurance
摘要
氣候變遷這個議題近年來在國際上一直備受重視，其所涵蓋的議題也相當地廣泛，包含全球暖化、海平面上升、暴雨、洪水與乾旱發生頻率的增加，以及其對人類生命健康之影響等。而在氣候變遷之下，全球暖化之現象加快了地表水循環的速度，造成了極端氣候，讓暴雨、洪水與乾旱之發生頻率越來越高且越來越難以預測，進而導致了氣候巨災之發生。氣候巨災不只對全球造成了嚴重影響，而對於位在特殊地理位置之臺灣更是帶來了嚴峻的挑戰。 2000年頒布並實施的《災害防救法》，建構了我國全國災害防救體系及應變機制，然而在《災害防救法》施行之後，幾十年來歷經多次嚴重的天然災害事件，也使得《災害防救法》因而進行了多次的修正。然而，這些修正，往往也都只是為了回應每次發生的嚴重災害，針對該災害所致生之問題，透過修法之方式改善。而此種遭遇災害才修法之方式，仍然具有一些無法解決之缺失。因此，本文以2009年的八八風災為例，試圖找出臺灣災害防救制度運作之缺失。 而臺灣災害防救制度運作之缺失中，以現行天然災害保險相關制度仍無法解決的問題，本文試圖透過介紹與分析外國的天然災害保險制度，找尋最適合臺灣採行的氣候保險建議方向。希望能夠透過氣候保險制度來解決現行災害防救制度下，財務援助來源不穩定以及人民對於災害預防之意識較為薄弱等問題。 最後，將以本文所分析五個關於氣候保險制度之機制架構重要面向，即氣候保險之單獨性、強制性、保險範圍、再保險機制以及其他相關之措施，找尋最適合臺灣可以採行的氣候保險制度，以因應臺灣未來可能遭遇之氣候災害。
並列摘要
Climate change has become a serious problem to the world. Global warming has increased the scale and frequency of extreme weather events, including rainstorm, flood, and drought. While being more unpredictable, these extreme weather events has caused climate catastrophes and impacted people’s lives severely. As a small island, Taiwan is also under the challenges of climate catastrophes. The “Disaster Prevention and Protection Act” promulgated and implemented in 2000 had established Taiwan’s nationwide disaster prevention and rescue system to cope with natural disasters, it also amended several times because natural disasters occurred in the past decades. Yet these amendments were only made to respond to disaster and suffer from some deficiencies. Therefore, this article takes the typhoon disaster of Typhoon Morakot in 2009 as example to identify the shortcomings of Taiwan’s disaster risk management system. Among the shortcomings of Taiwan’s disaster risk management system, there are still some unsolvable problems with current natural disaster insurance system, thus this article attempts to propose the most suitable climate insurance suggestion for Taiwan by introducing and analyzing other countries’ natural disaster insurance system. Hopefully via proposed climate insurance system, the issues under current disaster risk management system, such as unstable sources of financial assistance, weak awareness of disaster prevention etc., could be solved. Finally, this thesis analyzes climate insurance scheme from five aspect, including the independence, compulsoriness, insurance coverage, reinsurance and other related measures. This these seek to propose the most suitable climate insurance system for Taiwan to cope with the possible climate catastrophes in future.