- 學位論文
探討東干族對話之語碼轉換功能:以馬三奇村為例
Functions of Code-switching in Conversations among the Dungan People: A Case Study in Masanchi Village
摘要
在眾多語言學研究中，尤以語碼轉換現象最為受到關注及探討。研究者試圖瞭解不同族群的人使用語碼轉換的原因以及其所傳達的功能為何。本研究以會談分析法為架構，並以哈薩克共和國南邊馬三奇村的東干族人為例，藉由分析長達五小時的錄音對話，期望能找出語碼轉換在對話中所傳遞的作用。本研究針對東干族人之間以及與非東干族人間兩大類別之對話為探討主題，以瞭解在不同情境與對話群體的分別，東干族人如何應用語碼轉換於對話之中。研究結果發現在東干族人之間對話中，語碼轉換的使用目的及作用可大致分為：情緒傳達、關鍵字詞強調、經典名句或他人話語的引用、對話內容淺顯化以幫助聽者的理解、對話主題轉換、特有文化用語或事物說明、幽默效果的呈現、聽者注意力的吸引，以及講者口誤自我修正。使用語碼轉換的功用可單一呈現，也可多重呈現於對話中。而東干族人與非東干族人之間的對話中，也善用了許多語碼轉換，且其功能也十分相似，如：引用經典及他人話語、表達情緒、轉換談話的主題、引起聽者的注意力，及修正講者自我的口誤。這些功能或作用也可是單一呈現或是多重呈現於其對話中。但與族人對話間使用的語碼轉換功能相比下，在使用語碼轉換的頻率及聽者注意力的吸引上仍呈現些微的差異。此外，研究者也發現語碼轉換在東干族人對話中使用上極為複雜，根據交談對象的不同，在不同對話中所使用語碼轉換的目的及作用可能會有所重疊，且使用語碼轉換的頻率也會有所差異。在此，希冀透過本研究之探討，能提供未來在語碼轉換應用於東干族群對話研究上的作為參考資料。
並列摘要
The phenomenon of code-switching is of particular interest in the field of linguistics. Researchers attempt to answer the core question why people code-switch and what functions it serves in different communities. The present study aims to provide an account for these questions by studying a group of Dungan people in the village of Masanchi, in the southern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Five hours of recorded conversations were examined for the purposes of the study, following a conversational analytic approach. This study seeks to illustrate the functions of code-switching that Dungan people employ, both when they form a group on their own and when they interact with a non-Dungan speaker. It was found that in their own groups, the speakers employed code-switching for a variety of purposes such as expressing emotions, emphasis, quotation, communication facilitation, topic shift, culturally linked items, humor, attention attraction, multifunctional code-switches, and self-repair. In the cases when a non-Dungan enters a Dungan/Dungan conversation, code-switching served almost the same functions such as quotation, expressing emotions, emphasis, topic shift, attention attraction, self-repair, and multifunctional code-switches, but with some minor differences in frequency and attention attraction function. In addition, the research discovers a complexity of code-switching in this community, such as overlapping functions and diverse frequency towards different people. In conclusion, the study calls for further studies in the area of code-switching in other Dungan communities and villages.