- 學位論文
大功率電池安全改善研究-以匯流排頸寬設計為例-
Research on Safety Improvement of High Power Battery Pack -A Case Study of Neck Design on the Busbar-
摘要
高功率電池模組近年來廣泛的被使用在備用電池模組的這種需要大容量且短時間大放電的產品需求；此種電池模組都是使用多電池串並的方式達到所需要的容量及使用的壽命需求，因此多顆電池中的其中一顆電池受到外部撞擊，或是本身不良所產生的損壞，導致其他電池的電流回灌到這顆已損壞的電池上，這麼大的電流會造成此顆電池開始損壞最後產生爆炸，同時大量高溫電解液體噴出持續加溫於其他顆電池而造成一連串爆炸的熱失控現象。 過電流的保護可以在電池串並聯的匯流排上，設計一種類似保險絲的機構設計，當電流過大時可以融斷避免熱失控的產生。這種結構需要在匯流排局部的機構設計縮窄，這個區域在通過大電流時溫度就會上升，這樣的溫度上升不能超過電池所能允許的溫度並且當不正常的大電流通過時能夠瞬間斷裂。因此本研究主要是確認該頸寬的設計在正常充放電時，溫度符合規範，同時在過電流時也能夠在短時間斷裂保護電池。 本研究結果確認了18650電池的最大短路電流，並透過實驗確認不同材質、尺寸的匯流排會因為電流大小而影響融斷時間的長短以及產生溫度的高低。確認了最佳的材質選擇及頸寬設計後，導入異材質匯流排並安排驗證確認並運用UN38.3中的振動測試來確認頸寬之機構設計的穩定度。結果可提供大功率電池模組最佳的匯流排頸寬選擇，最後異材質結合之匯流排產業界較為少見因此專利申請。
並列摘要
In recent years, high-power battery modules have been widely used in backup battery modules that require large capacity and large discharge in the short-time. These kinds of battery modules use multiple batteries in series to achieve the required capacity and service life requirements. In case one of the battery is damaged due to external impact or its own defects suddenly, current reverse will into that damaged battery from others batteries, so much The current will cause this battery begin to damage and eventually explode. At this time, a large amount of high-temperature electrolyte sprays out and continues to heat up other batteries, causing a series of explosions and thermal runaway. The bus bar can be designed a narrow neck similar to fuse function which can be melted during large current pass through for over current protection avoiding thermal runaway. The temperature of the neck area must be within the specification during normal use, and it must be able to break instantaneously when a large current passes. Therefore, this research mainly confirms that the design of the neck area is in line with normal use during normal charging and discharging, and at the same time, it can protect the battery from breaking in a short time during over current. The results of this study confirmed the maximum short-circuit current of 4 types of 18650 batteries, and confirmed through experiments that 4 different materials and dimension of busbars in the neck area will affect the melting time and the temperature due to current intensity. After confirming the best material selection and neck dimension design using it into the bi-material bus-bar and also arrange the UN38.3 vibration test to confirm the stability of the neck area. According conclusion show that it can be provided the best choice of bus-bar neck dimension for high-power battery modules to use and because the application of bi-metal on bus-bars with neck design is relatively rare, we finally applied the patent for this design