心理位移繪畫之研究

本研究旨在探討「心理位移繪畫」之個別參與者的創作經驗，與各位格之經驗及整體影響。資料來源為14名三個月內具有壓力或情緒困擾者，在進行「心理位移繪畫」後訪談所得之16.5小時逐字稿，採用現象學研究法進行資料分析，研究結果發現：一、個別研究參與者心理位移繪畫之創作經驗研究發現每位研究參與者有不同的心理位移繪畫創作經驗。二、心理位移繪畫之各位格經驗（一）「我」位格之經驗：包含「描繪壓力事件下的情緒壓力」、「描繪壓力事件下的自我懷疑」、「當下經驗壓力事件的負面感受」、「描繪想從壓力事件解脫的期待」、「看見正向部分」、「繪畫平常可以紓壓的活動」、「感到紓壓」、「感到和緩平靜」，共8項。（二）「你」位格之經驗：包含「經驗正向情緒」、「自我鼓勵、自我指導」、「繼續描述壓力事件」、「拓展覺察」、「轉念」、「心境轉為正向」、「意識到身邊的支持力量」「帶入角色，如同親友」、「看見正向自我」、「自在繪畫，無所顧慮」、「責備壓力事件下的自己」、「淡化壓力，焦點轉移」、「出現解決問題的方式」、「自我同理」，共14項。（三）「他」位格之經驗：包含「壓力感減輕，感到舒心」、「轉念」、「距離拉遠，想法單純」、「抽離自我，事不關己」、「找到面對壓力事件的新方式」、「壓力事件影響力消退，焦點轉向其它」、「看見正向自我」、「自我肯定」、「客觀理性思考如何解決」、「畫出可以陪伴與支持自己的人」、「距離拉遠，誠實面對內在感受」，共11項。（四）「再回到我」位格之經驗：包含「壓力感不再，經驗正向情緒」、「轉念」、「再次省思壓力事件」、「知曉如何面對壓力事件」、「焦點轉至其它事物」、「身歷成功情境」、「下定決心，確立目標」、「情緒影響力消退，產生思考空間」、「焦點由外轉內，關注內在自我」、「再回到我，再次陷入壓力事件」，共10項。三、心理位移繪畫之整體影響包含「抒發情緒，感到療癒」、「拓展想法與觀點」、「清楚目標」、「烏雲遠離，心情轉變」、「增加自我認識」、「壓力事件嚴重感降低」、「調整態度，面對壓力事件」、「看見自我力量」、「獲得正向力量」、「未來可以運用心理位移繪畫面對其它壓力」、「從模糊到具象化，有效面對壓力事件」，共11項，另有2項獨特影響。文末對於研究結果進行討論與建議。

關鍵字

心理位移；藝術治療；繪畫；心理位移繪畫

並列摘要

The study explored the individual participant's creating experience, the experience for each pronoun, and the overall influence of “Psychological Displacement Paradigm in Drawing”. The research data comes from 16.5-hours of interview transcription for the fourteen participants who were under pressure or emotional disturbance during a period of three months; the research data was analyzed by using the Phenomenological method. Research findings were summarized as below: 1. The individual research participant's creating experience of Psychological Displacement Paradigm in Drawing: The study discovers what each research participant has done while creating his/her experience for Psychological Displacement Paradigm in Drawing. 2. The experience for one of each pronoun a. The experience for the pronoun “I” includes: “to describe the emotional pressure a participant has during the event of pressure”, “to describe the suspicions a participant has during the event of pressure”, “at the moment experiencing the negative feeling under the event of pressure”, “to describe the expectation to be relieved during the event of pressure”, “to observe the part of being positive”, “to draw the activities which help to gain relief from the pressure”, “to feel the relief from the pressure”, “to feel a slow-down period and be quiet”. b. The experience for the pronoun “you” includes: “to experience the positive emotion”, “self-encouragement and self-instruction”, “continuously describe the pressure event”, “ to extend the sensibility”, “concept change”, “the condition of the heart becoming positive”, “to sense the supportive strength surrounding the participant”, “the role played is equal to a relative or a friend”, “see the positive side of ourselves”, “feel free to draw without any consideration”, “observing the person him/herself during the pressure event of blame”, “to gradually be released from the pressure and to move on to the focus point”, “the resolution of the issue appears”, “self-empathy.” c. The experience for the pronoun “s/he” includes: “ a degree of comfortableness comes up when the feeling of pressure is relieved”, “concept change”, “pull away from a distance, the simple way of thinking”, “to pull ourselves away from the affair and to acknowledge that it has nothing to do with me”, “to find the new method when encountering the pressure event”, “the influence of the pressure event fades and turns to focusing on others”, “to see the positive side of ourselves”, “self-recognition”, “to optimistically and rationally figure out the solution”, “to draw the person who can be accompanied and supportive to ourselves”, “to pull the distance away and to face the feeling inside with honesty”. d. The experience for “back to I” includes : “the feeling of pressure no longer exists and to experience the positive emotion”, “concept changes”, “to review one more time the pressure event”, “to get to know how to deal with the pressure event”, “to turn the focus on some other objectives”, “to experience the scenario of being successful”, “to make up his/her mind and consolidate the goal”, “the effect of the emotion fades and the thinking space is generated”, “the focus has been changed from an external one to an internal one, to turn the attention to the interior side of ourselves”, “to go back to myself , to step into the pressure event again”. 3. The overall influence of Psychological Displacement Paradigm in Drawing includes eleven common effects, and two unique effects: “to release the emotion and to feel the recovery”, “to extend the way of thinking and the point of view”, “clear the target”, “to be away from the dark cloud and to switch the mood”, “to enhance the self-recognition”, “the feeling of the severity coming from the pressure event reduces”, “to adjust the attitude when facing the pressure event”, “to see the strength in ourselves”, “to acquire the positive strength”, “Psychological Displacement Paradigm in Drawing can be applied to some other pressure event(s) in the future”, “from having the fuzzy image to become a reification to encounter the pressure event effectively”. Research findings, discussions and suggestions were provided for future research and practical implications.