《清華大學藏戰國竹簡（玖）．成人》集釋

《清華大學藏戰國竹簡（第九輯）》於2019年出版，〈成人〉篇為其所收錄的文獻之一。簡文內容涉及法律制度、政治思想與治國之道等問題，透過王與成人的對話，揭露邦國的亂象，而成人提出法治的觀點來整頓臣民。〈成人〉與諸多文獻有所聯繫，如《管子》、《墨子》、《孟子》、《荀子》、《左傳》、《逸周書》、《周禮》等，其中以《尚書．呂刑》最為相關。本文以集釋為整理為重，分為三個章節：緒論、集釋與按語、結語。〈成人〉的內容共可分為五段。第一段，王因亂象而徵問群臣的意見，展開了與成人的對話。第二段，成人從天地運行的準規講起，提到四輔等官員的設立。如今邦中亂象乃因「民不秉德」以及官員失職所致，司法制度也產生問題，出現「五無型」的現象。第三段，成人以「五無赦」做為提醒，又強調獄訟的困難，告誡百官司法原則與遵守制度的必要性。第四段，成人將「德政」與「五時」的運行連結，強調順時而為的重要。第五段，成人告誡必須維持邦國的興盛，不要敗壞「朕型」。

關鍵字

成人；清華簡；集釋

並列摘要

The Ninth Series of Bamboo Scrolls from the Warring States Period in the Tsinghua University Collection was published in 2019, and the chapter on " Cheng Ren " is one of the documents included in the collection. The text deals with the legal system, political thought, and the way of ruling the state, revealing the chaos of the state through a dialogue between the king and the Cheng Ren, who propose the rule of law to regulate their subjects. The book is linked to many other texts, such as Guanzi(管子), Mozi(墨子), Mengzi(孟子), Xunzi(荀子), Zuo Zhuan(左傳), Yi Zhou Shu(逸周書), and Zhou Li(周禮), among which" Lv Xing "(呂刑)is the most relevant. This article is divided into three chapters: Introduction, Commentary, and Concluding Remarks. The content of 〈Cheng Ren〉 can be divided into five paragraphs. In the first paragraph, the king asks the ministers for their opinions because of the chaos, initiating a dialogue with the adults. In the second paragraph, the king begins with the standard rules of the movement of heaven and earth, and mentions the establishment of the four auxiliaries and other officials. Nowadays, the chaos in the state is caused by "the people's lack of virtue" and the officials' failure to perform their duties. In the third paragraph, the adults use the "five no pardons" as a reminder and emphasize the difficulties of prison proceedings, warning the officials of the need to follow the principles of justice and the system. In the fourth paragraph, the adults link the "virtuous rule" with the operation of the "five seasons" and emphasize the importance of following the times. In the fifth paragraph, the adults admonish the need to maintain the prosperity of the state and not to corrupt the "my type".