泰國與中國外交關係的演變(1975-2005)

泰中兩國頻繁往來已有上千年歷史，1840年鴉片戰爭後，中國國力衰退，泰國於1853年終止兩國進貢關係，泰中關係發生巨大變化。二次戰後，中國內部動盪國共開戰，共產黨於1949年10月成立中華人民共和國，統治中國大陸，泰國擔心中國共產勢力威脅國家安全與主權，採取親美政策。後因中蘇衝突白熱化、中美關係改善、中國加入聯合國及區域局勢變遷等，泰中雙方基於國家利益考量，於1975年7月1日正式建交，建交初期為磨合期，直至1978年中國召開十一屆三中全會及越南出兵柬埔寨，因中國外交政策的調整，消除了泰國對中國之疑慮，又泰中雙方在柬埔寨問題立場相近，相互支持，雙方關係始急速升溫成為軍事戰略夥伴。泰中兩國因合作解決柬埔寨問題建立深厚互信關係，又雙方間不存在領土爭端、民族衝突等問題，在政府高度重視下，領導人經常互訪，且在多邊場合密切會晤和磋商，中泰關係穩定發展。 1999年2月中泰簽訂《中華人民共和國和泰王國關於二十一世紀合作計畫聯合聲明》，明確規劃及推動雙方在政治、經濟、國際事務等方面的合作關係，兩國關係邁入新階段。此後陸續簽署關於戰略性合作的《聯合公報》、《中泰戰略性合作共同行動計畫》及《中華人民共和國和泰王國關於建立全面戰略合作夥伴關係的聯合聲明》，均是以《聯合聲明》為基礎而擴大落實。泰中兩國建交至今發展越趨密切，本論文研究泰中關係30年（1975-2005）的發展脈絡，由外交關係軌跡來分析雙方關係的變動、對東亞區域情勢的影響及未來所面對之挑戰及展望。

關鍵字

泰國；中國；外交關係

並列摘要

Frequent exchanges between Thailand and China have existed for more than thousand years. After the Opium War in 1840, China’s national strength declined. In 1853, Thailand no longer regarded itself as a subject to the Central Kingdom, a tremendous change in the history of Sino-Thai relations. After World War II, the Chinese civil war erupted between the Nationalist Party and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with the latter eventually ruling mainland China by establishing the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in October 1949. With grave concern that the spread of communism might threaten its national security and sovereignty, Thailand adopted a pro- US policy. Later on, due to the growing tension and conflicts between PRC and USSR, the improvement of relations between PRC and the United States, the PRC’s joining the United Nations (UN) and geopolitical changes in the region, Thailand and PRC established diplomatic relations on July 1, 1975 based on their respective national interest. The two countries spent time to learn how to deal with each other in the beginning period of the diplomatic relations. The CCP convened the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee in 1978, and Vietnam invaded Cambodia. Due to the adjustment of PRC’s foreign policies, Thailand’s concern over PRC disappeared. As Thailand and the PRC held similar positions and supported each other on the issue of Cambodia, both countries swiftly improved their bilateral relations and became military and strategic partners. Profound mutual trust was established between Thailand and the PRC when the two countries worked together to resolve the issue of Cambodia. Because there were no territorial disputes and ethnic conflicts between the two countries, high level officials and national leaders of the two countries frequent exchanged visits and established regular and close communications in multilateral forums. The relationship between Thailand and PRC continued to develop steadily. The relations between Thailand and the PRC entered into a new phase after they signed the “Joint Declaration of the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Thailand on the Cooperation Program of the Twenty-first Century” in February 1999, explicitly offering a framework for the two countries to expand their cooperation in political, economic and diplomatic areas. The following documents such as “Joint Communiqué”, “Sino-Thai Strategic Cooperation in a Joint Action Plan”, and “Joint Declaration of the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Thailand on the Establishment of a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership” are all the subsequent achievements based on the Joint Declaration of 1999 and increased to more aspects of cooperation. The bilateral relations between Thailand and the PRC continue to grow stronger and closer since their diplomatic ties were established. Through the study of the history of their bilateral relations from 1975 to 2005, this thesis is aimed to provide analysis to the dynamics of the diplomatic relations between these two countries, how this relationship brings impact to the regional developments in East Asian region, and the future challenges and prospects caused by this strategic partnership.