飯店競爭力剖析暨觀光發展對經濟和環境的影響

觀光業的發展狀況，一直是各國政府所關注的產業。觀光發展關係到或牽涉到交通運輸業或飯店業等其他部門的發展，並具備國家帶來外匯收入、增加就業機會等許多益處。因此，觀光發展對國家的經濟成長具有一定程度的影響力並受到政府官員或學者的關注。本論文包含兩個不同層面之分析。一是利用五力分析及主成份分析法，試圖量化台灣飯店業的市場競爭力並加以分析，以補足過去文獻此方面之研究缺口。另一部分為探討經濟合作暨發展組織國家中，觀光發展對於經濟和環境的影響，並分別探討相關政策的影響，以拓展過去文獻研究內容。本文研究結果發現，透過量化後的飯店業市場競爭力分析，可清楚看出何以部分飯店能持續保有市場優勢的地方，以供飯店經營者之管理參考。觀光發展對於經濟成長有正向影響且具多期持續效果，當中國內外之投資也會影響到其影響力。此外，觀光發展會降低環境品質，並反向降低觀光客人數，但能源使用效率的改善能緩和此一負面效果並加強觀光發展之永續性。

關鍵字

飯店業；觀光業；五力分析；市場競爭力；環境；永續性；能源

並列摘要

Tourism development always deserves much attention for many governments. The development of tourism industry is related and relates to other sectors, such as transportation and hotels. It involves many merits such as raising foreign exchange earnings and increasing job opportunities. Therefore, tourism development has an influence on economic growth and attracts many concerns for authorities and scholars. This theme includes two different stages. One is to analyze the competitiveness of hotel markets in Taiwan via Porter five forces analysis and principal components analysis so as to fill the gap in previous studies. The other is to explore the effects of tourism development on economic growth and the environment in the OECD countries. Furthermore, I discuss some influences of policies to them. The results indicate that the developed quantified analysis helps to realize how some hotels often capture the top position of the markets that benefits hotels’ managers. Tourism development has a positive and persistent influence on economic growth to which the conditions of domestic and foreign investments can affect it. However, tourism development can reduce environmental quality and then reduce the number of tourists, but the improvement of energy use efficiency can mitigate the negative effect and thereby enhance the sustainability of tourism development.