摘要
鋼琴移調是在保持歌曲旋律不變的情況下改變手的位置。當人們第一次嘗試轉位時可能會覺得很有趣，但真的做起來卻非常具有挑戰性。即使是專業鋼琴家也不一定有信心來輕易的進行移調。另外，有些人研究移調與轉位很長一段時間，大約一到兩年。關於學習鋼琴移調相關的常見挑戰，主要包含使用者在練習移調的過程中很容易不斷忘記和彈錯音。因此，我們可以採取一些策略來建立使用者的信心，同時提高他們對移調的理解？如何幫助使用者在短時間內有效率、愉快地學習移調？ 本研究基於上述想法，實作出一個移調學習系統。該系統引入了網頁技術，透過虛擬鋼琴、MIDI技術和歌曲「Prelude in C by Bach」來幫助使用者學習鋼琴移調。在對系統進行程式設計時，我們選擇「Prelude in C by Bach」歌曲，其中除了包括主音，以及大和弦、小和弦、減和弦等音樂理論，這首曲子的特點是雙手的在鍵盤上是同向的移動，這與多數其他古典音樂歌曲不同。此外，我們還支援使用MIDI技術以連接MIDI鍵盤，以及包含MIDI訊號的音訊播放器，在收到使用者的彈奏訊號後為使用者提供即時的聲音回饋。 在本系統中，根據使用者的經驗與先前知識設計了四種不同模式。在初學階段，使用者需要透過多種科技工具（如同步視頻、可調節速度的MIDI播放器，以及提供即時回饋的虛擬鋼琴）來記憶並熟悉《Prelude in C by Bach》。接著進入練習階段，該階段基於包含了音樂理論、和弦進行、聲部連接、使用者最常遇到的難點、可移動音高方法等的多種練習。在進階階段，系統為使用者提供即時回饋，並在使用者感到迷惑時由AI指導員協助，從而提升使用者的自信心。最後進入彈琴階段，使用者可以自由地透過MIDI鍵盤演奏鋼琴，並在虛擬鋼琴上查看自己的演奏結果。此外，這些階段都配備MIDI播放器，並支持所有頁面上的MIDI技術和鍵盤操作。 我也邀請了十位使用者使用我們的移調學習系統，並透過問卷蒐集使用者回饋，以優化網站設計和虛擬鋼琴上的換位學習模式設計。
並列摘要
Transposition is shifting hand position while maintaining the melody of the song unchanged. When people try Transposition for the first time, they find it interesting, but it’s very challenging to do. Even the professional pianist lacks sufficient confidence to perform Transposition. Additionally, some people studied transposition for a long period, approximately one to two years. The main challenge users encounter with Transposition is that they keep forgetting and making mistakes during the process. Also, we need to keep playing when we shift from first bar to another bar while Transposing. When we changed bars, our hand positions changed a little bit, but the song of the melody must remain the same. These are common challenges related to the learning transposition of a piano. Consequently, we use movable do-re-mi, 1-3-5 theories, chord progression, and voice leading principles, supported by a multimedia piano learning website with MIDI technology, to help users learn transposition efficiently and enjoyably in a short time. The thesis paper is based on that idea, and implementation of a system. The system introduces a web-based transposition system that assists users in learning about transposition through the use of a virtual piano, MIDI technology, and the song, “Bach’s Prelude in C”. We have no background experience and we only learned this piece before starting this thesis. We chose “Bach’s Prelude in C” rather than random compositions because it includes voice leading and music theory such as major chords, minor chords, and diminished chords, which are a part of chord progression, etc. Also, the hand movement of playing that song is that both hands are moving into the one direction, unlike other classical music songs. In addition, we support users with MIDI technology which can also connect with MIDI piano keyboard, as well as an audio player which includes MIDI numbers providing users with real-time feedback upon receiving a response from them. With an audio player, users will mostly rely on their ears and song, not reply on their brains and music sheets. The system features four distinct learning modes designed to accommodate different levels of user experience and music knowledge. In the initial phase, users have to memorize and become acquainted with the “Bach Prelude in C” using various technological tools such as synchronized videos, a MIDI player with adjustable tempo, and a virtual piano that provides real-time feedback to users. After that, there is an Exercise Stage that contains numerous exercises based on the music theories, chord progressions, voice leading, difficulties that users encountered most, movable Do-Re-Mi methods, etc. In the Advanced Stage, the system supports users with real-time feedback, and a MIDI player to assist when a user feels lost, hence enhancing users’ confidence. Also, a user can input their own song of MIDI file to practice transposition. Then, the Play Piano Stage which let users to play piano freely with a MIDI keyboard, and can see what they played on a virtual piano. In addition, these stages assist with a MIDI player and also support MIDI technologies and keyboards on all pages. We also invited ten users to use our transposition learning system, and requested their feedback with a questionnaire. Based on the feedback, this system can potentially support and enhance learning transposition on the virtual piano with the website.