中階移民留台工作意願──以越南留台生為研究對象

近年來政府為因應國內人口結構改變與缺工問題，依序制定就業服務法、外國專業人才延攬及僱用法、留用外國中階技術人力計畫等，可見台灣之移民政策呈中階化(Middling)趨勢，而僑外生亦是該中階人力計畫之留才對象。本文試圖探討在我國移民政策中階化之背景下，影響中階移民留台工作意願的因素為何，並以目前在台就讀人數最多的越南學生為研究對象，因渠等係高等教育留學生，符合學術界中階移民之定義。本文以立意抽樣訪談15位越南留台生，藉此瞭解理想生活方式、近用遷移機會、台灣移民政策改變、該中階人力計畫等因素是否會影響渠等留台工作意願。透過研究發現，社會網絡影響受訪者遷移行為甚多，多數受訪者認為台灣較能提供理想的生活方式，而影響受訪者留台工作最關鍵之因素係薪資。許多受訪者表示有意願留台工作，惟並非以長期定居台灣為主，僅想短期留台工作幾年，累積工作經驗，再返回越南，善用自身在台期間積累之文化資本與社會資本，謀得理想工作。另外，該中階人力計畫較難吸引一般大學生，但對於技職科大新南向產學合作國際專班的越南學生，則較有吸引力。

關鍵字

移民政策；越南留台生；中階移民

並列摘要

In recent years, due to changes in the domestic population structure and job shortages, the government has enacted Employment Service Act, Act for the Recruitment and Employment of Foreign Professionals, and the Retention of Foreign Intermediate Skilled Workforce Program, etc. Taiwan's immigration policies have tended to be middling. Overseas Chinese and international students are also targets of the Intermediate Skilled Workforce Program. This study attempts to explore the factors that affect intention of middling migrants to work in Taiwan with middling immigration policies. The study takes Vietnamese students currently studying in Taiwan with the largest number as the research participants, because they are international students in higher education and middling migrants in academia, in order to understand whether ideal lifestyles, access to mobility, changes in Taiwan's immigration policies and the Intermediate Skilled Workforce Program will affect their intention to stay in Taiwan or not. Through the research, it was found that social network has a lot of influence on participants’ migration. Most of them think Taiwan can provide more ideal lifestyles, and the most critical factor for them to work in Taiwan is salary. Many participants expressed their willingness to work in Taiwan, but merely for few yeras. They only want to stay in Taiwan to accumulate work experiences and then return to Vietnam to take advantage of their cultural and social capital. In addition, college students are hardly interested in the Intermediate Skilled Workforce Program, but the program seems to be more appealing to the students of International Programs of Industry-Academia Collaboration in Taiwan.