自覺肥胖女大學生身體意象與人際關係之探討

本研究旨在探討自覺肥胖女性大學生的身體意象與人際關係，瞭解自覺肥胖女性大學生的身體意象形成脈絡、如何因應人際關係，以及人際關係如何影響其身體意象。本研究採取質性研究中的敘事探究方法，邀請自覺肥胖的女性大學在學生作為研究參與者。研究共招募到三位研究者，每位研究者訪談各兩次，加總共六次的訪談內容作為逐字稿來源，並以「類別—內容分析」將研究者的故事內容分析為類別，針對每個類別的內容進行描述、詮釋與討論，最後形成結論。研究結果發現：一、自覺肥胖女大學生的身體意象形成脈絡為：（一）自覺肥胖女大學生之重要他人對身材的評論，引發個體的情緒或對身體的觀感，逐步形成身體意象，其中包含「父母或親戚長輩表達對身材的不滿態度」、「手足的人身攻擊」、「同儕對身材的負面反應」與「來自親密關係對象的身材評價」。（二）社會環境對自覺肥胖女大學生身體意象之影響，則為「使用社群網路對身體產生正向或負向的情緒」、「與身體相關的校園活動引發對身材外貌的不安」。二、自覺肥胖女大學生人際關係為：（一）自覺肥胖女大學生良好的人際互動包括「父母的善意與正向關注」、「正向的朋友互動經驗」，以及「親密關係的支持」。（二）自覺肥胖女大學生受他人批評或不被認可之人際關係包括「他人對身材有意無意的負面表態」以及「他人被評價，進而擔心自己也成為被關注的對象」。三、自覺肥胖女大學生如何因應人際關係（一）自覺肥胖女大學生調整認知因應所處困境，認為自己是幸運的人，人際事件過後察覺到自己的處境，發現「身邊仍有緊密的好友」、「慶幸自己未經歷嚴重的霸凌或攻擊」，以及「認為他人體貼、在意自己的想法」。（二）自覺肥胖女大學生負向解讀自身經驗，包含「認為他人無禮，表達生氣、難過或反抗」、「認為別人不喜歡自己」以及「認為他人幼稚、不成熟」。四、自覺肥胖女大學生的人際關係如何影響身體意象（一）自覺肥胖女大學生所產生的負面情緒之內容，包括「覺得自己不好看，或批評自己的外貌」，以及「認為自己因為身材外貌失去一些機會」。（二）自覺肥胖女大學生肯定自己的外貌、試著喜歡自己原本的模樣，告訴自己不要擔心別人的看法或眼光，也不要去追求他人眼中的完美身材。（三）自覺肥胖女大學生嘗試「改變穿搭打扮」、「嘗試減重」。

關鍵字

自覺肥胖；身體意象；人際關係；女大學生

並列摘要

The aim of this study is to explore the body image and interpersonal relationships of self-perceived overweight female university students, understanding the context in which their body image forms, how they cope with interpersonal experiences, and how these experiences influence their body image. The study adopts a narrative inquiry approach within qualitative research, inviting self-perceived overweight female university students as participants. Three researchers were recruited for the study, each conducting two interviews. A total of six interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The researchers categorized the narrative content and provided descriptions, interpretations, and discussions for each category, leading to conclusions. The findings of the study are as follows: I.The context in which body image forms for self-perceived overweight female university students includes: 1.Significant others' comments on body shape triggering emotional responses or perceptions of the body, gradually forming body image. This includes expressions of dissatisfaction with body shape from parents, relatives, or elders, personal attacks from siblings, negative reactions from peers regarding body shape, and evaluations of body shape from intimate relationship partners. 2.The influence of the social environment on body image, such as the use of social media generating positive or negative emotions about the body, and campus activities related to the body causing insecurity about appearance. II.Interpersonal experiences of self-perceived overweight female university students include: 1.Positive interpersonal interactions, such as parents' goodwill and positive attention, positive interactions with friends, and support from intimate relationships. 2.Criticism or lack of recognition from others, including others' intentional or unintentional negative attitudes towards body shape and concern about becoming the subject of attention due to others' evaluations. III.Coping strategies of self-perceived overweight female university students: 1.Adjusting cognitive responses to the situation, considering oneself fortunate, realizing after interpersonal events that there are still close friends, feeling fortunate not to have experienced severe bullying or attacks, and believing that others are considerate and care about their thoughts. 2.Negatively interpreting personal experiences, including perceiving others as rude and expressing anger, sadness, or resistance, feeling disliked by others, and considering others immature or childish. IV.How interpersonal experiences affect body image of self-perceived overweight female university students: 1.Negative emotions generated by self-perceived overweight female university students include feeling unattractive or criticizing their appearance, and believing they miss opportunities due to their body shape and appearance. 2.Affirming their appearance, trying to appreciate their original appearance, telling themselves not to worry about others' opinions or gaze, and not pursuing the perfect body shape as perceived by others. 3.Trying to "change dressing style" and "attempting weight loss."