- 學位論文
一個自戀男子在香水中尋求自我:以派崔克•徐四金的《香水》為研究
A Narcissistic Man in Searching of the Self in Perfume: A Study of Patrick Süskind’s Das Parfum
摘要
本論文旨在以心理分析理論探究德國作家徐四金小說《香水》一書中的主角—葛奴乙 (Grenouille)。本文認為在小說中體味與個人的自我認同具有密不可分的關係。葛奴乙是一位嗅覺天才，同時他也是一位自戀患者。以嗅覺認識世界並且企圖以味道征服世界的葛奴乙在發現他沒有屬於自己的味道之後引發他缺乏自我認同感的危機，因而踏上尋找自我認同的旅程，他謀殺了二十五位處女，擷取她們的體味製成一瓶完美香水。本文探討葛奴乙的自我認同建立在他所創作的完美香水上。 第一，在葛奴乙製作完美香水的過程中等同於其建立自我認同以及主體性的歷程。味道對葛奴乙來說是「想像的大他者」(the imaginary Other)，也就是說味道是葛奴乙建立自我認同的背景與來源。然而弔詭的是，需要體味當做自我認同媒介的葛奴乙卻十分討厭人類的體味。因此本文第二重點所要解釋的是葛奴乙本身的自我矛盾，最後，本文則是以心理分析探究極權統治者(納粹主義者)的心理層面，並以此分析套用於葛努乙並解釋其為心理變態，說明他所犯下的謀殺之動機是出自於變態的因素。最後，葛奴乙的死亡象徵他接受了沒有味道的自己此一事實；代表追求主體性的理想已幻滅。
並列摘要
This thesis discusses about Grenouille’s mentality with psychoanalytic theories. Body smell is seen as an individual trait in this novel; in other words, body smell is one’s self-identification. Grenouille, an olfactory talent, killed twenty-five girls to extract their body scents for the most ingenious perfume. The perfume stands for his self-identification because he does not have smell of his own in the novel. The quest of sense of existence forces him to journey to the way of self-identification and self-existence. First, in the process of making his own smell, Grenouille is seen as building his subjectivity by perfume. Smell is the imaginary Other in the olfactory mirror during the maturation of building self-identification. Second, Grenouille needs to create a human odor as his own while hating the smells of human beings. And this is the paradox in the novel which will be explained in the thesis. Third, Grenouille thinks that he is more supreme than the average mortals. He wants to rule the world fragrantly. In this situation, he is seen as a totalitarian, a pervert of totalitarian. In the end, his ambition and over-high expectation fails. He realizes that he is an unlovable man. In addition, he accepts the fact that he is odorless. His desire has vanished and then he chooses to kill himself by the way of being dismembered by those mobs on the streets.