光源技術對茭白筍生長特性影響之研究

本研究針對南投縣埔里地區茭白筍的生長條件進行了一系列深入的試驗，主要目的是探討用LED燈取代傳統高壓鈉燈的可行性，以解決傳統燈具在茭白筍種植過程的種種問題。茭白筍為該地區的重要農作物，其生長受氣候變化影響，尤其是在冬季日照不足導致植株生長不良而造成矮化叢生的「矮化症」；現有的種植方式依賴高壓鈉燈進行夜間補光，以調節茭白筍的產期。然而，高壓鈉燈存在亮度過強、電費高昂、光害嚴重等問題，不僅影響生態環境，更增加生產成本。因此，本研究旨在以低耗能、光譜可調的LED燈取代傳統高壓鈉燈，進行茭白筍的補光試驗。LED燈具備根據植物生長需求調整光譜配置的優勢，能夠提供更適合茭白筍生長的光照條件，尤其是在波長範圍450至700nm之間的紅藍光。試驗結果顯示，茭白筍對450-460nm的藍光和650-660nm的紅光的吸收效果最好，這兩種光譜對植物的光合作用和生長發育至關重要。因此，我們建議在茭白筍種植過程中，使用藍光和紅光波長範圍的LED燈，以提供適合的光照條件，並降低「矮化症」的發生。在試驗過程中，我們設計八種不同的光譜配置，包括紅光、藍光、綠光、黃光、橙光、白光、藍紫光和紅紫光，並在完全暗室環境中進行試驗，以確保試驗結果的準確性。然而，白光LED燈在這些試驗中的表現並不理想──茭白筍在白光條件下的生長未能達到預期，株高、葉長、葉寬和分孽數等生長指標均未顯示出顯著增長，甚至在某些情況下出現了生長停滯或發育不良的現象。這表明，白光LED燈無法滿足茭白筍的生長需求，並且存在光譜不適合的問題。相比之下，紅藍光LED燈能更有效地模擬自然光照條件，促進茭白筍的健康生長，因此成為本試驗的主要研究方向。接著，透過LED封裝透鏡照明測試，確定在400至600公分的直線距離範圍±內，LED燈能夠提供均勻的光照覆蓋。以PPFD=0.2 µmol/m²/s作為標準，每隔約10公尺安裝一盞高架式LED燈，可以確保茭白筍田間光照的均勻性，避免因高壓鈉燈覆蓋面積不足而導致的光照死角問題。另外，LED燈模組的設計進一步優化了光照強度和均勻性，特別在夜間光量最低標準的滿足下，有效預防植物矮化並促進其健康生長。除光照試驗外，本研究利用阻抗分析儀開發了一種新的農藥檢測方法，能夠快速測量不同濃度的農藥並分析其含量。儘管農藥檢測並非本研究的主要目的，但此方法的開發為未來的農業生產提供了更高效和精確的農藥監測手段，有助於減少農藥的過度使用，進而降低對環境的污染。最後，本研究通過一系列試驗，成功證明了以LED燈替代高壓鈉燈在茭白筍種植中的可行性。LED燈不僅在能源消耗和環境影響方面表現出顯著優勢，且在提供適合的光譜配置上也更符合茭白筍的生長需求，特別是紅藍光LED燈的應用大幅提高了茭白筍的生長效果；同時，農藥檢測方法的改進也為農業生產的精確管理提供了新的工具，儘管這並非本研究的核心，但仍具有重要的輔助價值。

關鍵字

茭白筍；矮化障礙；高壓鈉燈；發光二極體（ LED）；阻抗分析；農藥檢測；生物感測器

並列摘要

This study conducted a series of in-depth experiments on the growth conditions of water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） in Puli Township, Nantou County, with the primary aim of exploring the feasibility of replacing traditional high-pressure sodium lamps with LED lights to address various issues in water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） cultivation. Water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） is an important crop in this region, but its growth is affected by climate change, particularly during the winter when insufficient sunlight leads to poor plant growth, resulting in the clustered stunting known as "dwarf syndrome." The current cultivation method relies on high-pressure sodium lamps for nighttime supplemental lighting to regulate the production cycle of water bamboo（Zizania latifolia）. However, high-pressure sodium lamps have issues such as excessive brightness, high electricity costs, and significant light pollution, which not only affect the ecological environment but also increase production costs. Therefore, this study aimed to replace traditional high-pressure sodium lamps with low-energy, spectrally adjustable LED lights for supplemental lighting in water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） cultivation. LED lights offer the advantage of adjusting the spectral configuration according to plant growth needs, providing more suitable lighting conditions for water bamboo（Zizania latifolia）, especially within the wavelength range of 450 to 700 nm. The experimental results showed that water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） absorbs blue light at 450-460 nm and red light at 650-660 nm most effectively, and these two spectra are crucial for plant photosynthesis and growth. Therefore, we recommend using LED lights in the blue and red wavelength ranges during water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） cultivation to provide suitable lighting conditions and reduce the occurrence of "dwarf syndrome." During the experiments, we designed eight different spectral configurations, including red, blue, green, yellow, orange, white, blue-purple, and red-purple light, and conducted experiments in a completely dark environment to ensure the accuracy of the results. However, the performance of white LED lights in these experiments was not ideal—water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） under white light conditions did not achieve the expected growth, with growth indicators such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and tiller number showing no significant improvement, and in some cases, growth stagnation or maldevelopment occurred. This indicates that white LED lights cannot meet the growth needs of water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） and that their spectrum is unsuitable. In contrast, red and blue LED lights more effectively simulate natural lighting conditions, promoting the healthy growth of water bamboo（Zizania latifolia）, making them the primary focus of this study. Furthermore, through LED encapsulation lens illumination tests, we determined that within a straight-line distance range of 400 to 600 cm, LED lights can provide uniform light coverage. With PPFD=0.2 µmol/m²/s as the standard, installing a high-mounted LED light every 10 meters ensures uniform lighting in the water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） fields, avoiding light shadow issues caused by insufficient coverage of high-pressure sodium lamps. Additionally, the design of the LED light modules further optimized light intensity and uniformity, effectively preventing plant dwarfism and promoting healthy growth, especially at night, under the minimum light standards. In addition to the lighting experiments, this study also developed a new pesticide detection method using an impedance analyzer, capable of quickly measuring and analyzing the concentration of various pesticides. Although pesticide detection was not the primary focus of this study, the development of this method provides a more efficient and precise tool for future agricultural production, helping to reduce the excessive use of pesticides and thereby decreasing environmental pollution. In conclusion, this study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of replacing high-pressure sodium lamps with LED lights in water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） cultivation through a series of experiments. LED lights not only showed significant advantages in terms of energy consumption and environmental impact but also better met the growth needs of water bamboo（Zizania latifolia） by providing suitable spectral configurations, particularly with the application of red and blue LED lights, which significantly improved the growth of water bamboo（Zizania latifolia）. Meanwhile, the improvement in pesticide detection methods also offers new tools for the precise management of agricultural production, although this was not the core of this study, it still holds important auxiliary value.

並列關鍵字

water bamboo（Zizania latifolia）； dwarf syndrome ； high pressure sodium lamp ； light emitting diode (LED) ； impedance analysis ； pesticide detection ； biosensor