印尼婚姻法「一夫多妻」判例解析

本研究主要探討印度尼西亞共和國(以下簡稱印尼)於1974年頒布的《1974年婚姻法》中，有關一夫多妻制的規定，並分析相關的司法判例，以及在《古蘭經》中經文的解釋，以了解法律在一夫多妻關係中的效力與相關議題。「萬島之國」印尼是世界人口第四大之國家，也是世界上最大群島國家，更是世界上穆斯林人口最多的國家。印尼其現行的婚姻相關法條是在1945年獨立後，對伊斯蘭婚姻法進行改革的基礎上，經過近30年的反覆審議和討論，修訂出來的《1974年婚姻法》，法條中對於印尼婚姻在此法頒布之前較混亂的情況，如結婚、離婚、繼承等問題做了較明確的規範，一夫多妻制相關規定也在法條其中提及。在印尼，一夫多妻制是極複雜且具有爭議的問題。其中，印尼社會普遍遵循的伊斯蘭教法中，允許一個男人如能夠公平對待他的妻子，最多可擁有四名妻子，但在1974年印尼政府對婚姻法中一夫多妻制進行了規範，設置了較嚴格的條件和限制。至今實際現狀中，婚姻法所制定的一夫多妻限制，並未廣泛受到人民所遵守，也出現了許多爭議，法條規範與落實存在諸多問題和挑戰。綜上，本研究將以判例解析和文獻分析法，聚焦於《1974年婚姻法》頒布後對於一夫多妻制家庭的挑戰，並探究一夫多妻制對性別平等和女性權利的影響，文末也將闡述印尼現代化過程中，不斷變化而形成的多元家庭型態，及一夫多妻制家庭所產生的社會問題並進行相關政策解析與議題論述。

關鍵字

印尼；伊斯蘭；婚姻法；一夫多妻制

並列摘要

This study primarily explores the provisions regarding polygamy in the Republic of Indonesia's (hereinafter referred to as Indonesia) 1974 Marriage Law, analyzes related judicial cases, and interprets Quranic verses to understand the effectiveness and issues of the law in polygamous relationships. Indonesia, known as the "Country of a Thousand Islands," is the fourth most populous country in the world, the largest archipelagic country, and the country with the largest Muslim population. The current marriage-related laws in Indonesia were revised and promulgated in the 1974 Marriage Law after nearly 30 years of repeated review and discussion following Indonesia's independence in 1945 and reforms to Islamic marriage laws. The law provides clearer regulations on previously chaotic situations in Indonesian marriages, such as marriage, divorce, and inheritance issues, and also mentions provisions related to polygamy. In Indonesia, polygamy is a highly complex and controversial issue. According to Islamic law, which is widely followed in Indonesian society, a man is allowed to have up to four wives if he can treat them fairly. However, the Indonesian government imposed stricter conditions and limitations on polygamy in the 1974 Marriage Law. Despite this, the restrictions set by the marriage law are not widely adhered to in practice, leading to many controversies and challenges in the implementation of these regulations. In summary, this study will focus on the challenges faced by polygamous families after the promulgation of the 1974 Marriage Law by analyzing cases and literature. It will also explore the impact of polygamy on gender equality and women's rights. The study will conclude by discussing the evolving and diverse family structures in Indonesia's modernization process, the social issues arising from polygamous families, and provide policy analysis and discussion on these issues.