以德行及性格強項之欣賞式探詢實踐提升高階領導力的歷程研究

摘要本研究的目的主要在探討以德行及性格強項為核心內涵，以欣賞式探詢實踐為基礎架構，所設計的高階領導力發展方案對高階主管提升領導力在歷程及結果方面的影響。就研究方法而言，研究者以深度訪談、團體引導、焦點對談、性格強項干預實驗法以及領導力課程授課和引導的方式並輔以半結構式的訪談大綱進行蒐集本研究所需的資料，旨在探討高階主管透過優勢為本（strengths based）的欣賞式探詢法在其領導現場中刻意鍛練及運用自身的性格強項之歷程。就領導力發展方案而言，本研究包含六大部分。包含了由研究者設計的兩個為期八週的高階領導力發展課程。其中一個八週課程所採取的理論基礎是以欣賞式探詢的實踐為架構，用以引導擔任高階主管的六位研究對象在領導實務中刻意運用其性格強項。另一個八週則引用高效能人士的七個習慣所提供的管理工具，引導研究對象建立七個用以帶領團隊及解決議題的成功習慣。本研究透過觀察與記錄六位在貿易產業年資十五年以上的資深高階領導者接受以欣賞式探詢實踐為架構而設計的領導力發展方案之學習歷程，收集研究對象在歷程前、中、後的心得分享，洞見交流，議題討論與成果描述等資料，根據研究目的，研究假設及訪談資料進行分析與探討，最終獲得以下八項結論：一、鍛練性格強項對於高階主管在組織中發揮領導力具有提高自我認知；增加自信心；強化心理韌性；實踐真實領導以及擴大影響力等五個重要且强大的積極意義。二、以欣賞式探詢為實踐方法來支持高階主管鍛練性格強項的五項益處為聚焦優勢；深度反思；正向對話；願景構建以及行動方案。三、優先將鍛練性格強項置於建立成功習慣之前對於高階主管發揮領導力的五個優勢為提高自我效能感；改善人際關係；提升工作績效；增強適應性以及促進全面發展。四、欣賞式探詢對於高階主管心智層次、自我認知以及領導哲學的五個正向影響為提升心智層次；深化自我認知；重塑領導哲學；增強同理心以及促進系統思考。五、結合欣賞式探詢及性格強項理論的高效領導力發展方案的七個實踐行動為個性化評估；欣賞式訪談；願景工作坊；行動學習；反思日誌；同儕指導以及執行教練。六、以欣賞式探詢的實踐法則鍛練高階主管的性格強項對於高階領導者決策過程以及組織文化塑造的六個積極影響分別為提高決策質量；增强決策信心；促進創新思維；營造積極氛圍；提高員工參與度以及促進多元包容。七、欣賞式探詢方法學在培養性格強項和提升領導力方面的七個獨特優勢為積極導向；高度參與；系統性視角；可持續性；具靈活適應性；建立連接以及激發創新。八、高階主管鍛練性格強項後產生的七個觀點轉化為從缺失改善到優勢導向；從個人英雄到團隊賦能；從管理控制到信任授權；從短期達標到長期發展；從固定思維到成長思維；從競爭心態到協作行動以及從結果導向到過程優化。最終，研究者將依據本研究之各項結論發現，持續性地在人才與領導力發展的領域推動以欣賞式探詢為基礎所設計的領導力發展方案，鼓勵更多不同階層領導者、專業人士與個人長期投入此類以正向心理學為理論基礎而設計的人生福祉或人才發展方案以期裨益更多盼望邁向豐盈殷盛的生命。關鍵字：正向心理學、德行及性格強項、欣賞式探詢、福祉、領導力

關鍵字

正向心理學；德行及性格強項；欣賞式探詢；福祉；領導力

並列摘要

Abstract This study explores the effects of a senior leadership development program designed around character strengths and virtues, utilizing Appreciative Inquiry (AI) as its foundational framework. The research investigates both the process and outcomes of enhancing leadership capabilities among senior executives. From the methodological perspective, the researcher employed various qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews, group facilitation, focus group discussions, character strength interventions, leadership course instruction, and semi-structured interview guides. The study aimed to examine how senior executives deliberately cultivate and apply their character strengths in leadership contexts through a strengths-based Appreciative Inquiry approach. From the program design perspective, the research comprises six major sections, including two eight-week senior leadership development courses designed by the researcher. One eight-week senior leadership development course was based on Appreciative Inquiry practices, guiding six senior executive participants to intentionally apply their character strengths in leadership practice. The other course utilized Stephen Covey's "Seven Habits of Highly Effective People" framework to establish habits leading to success for team leadership and problem-solving. From the data acquisition and collection perspective: The study observed and documented the learning processes of six senior leaders with over 15 years of experience in the merchandising industry. Data was collected on participants' reflections, insights, issue discussions, and outcome descriptions before, during, and after the program. Based on the previously mentioned research objectives, assumptions, and interview data, the study yielded eight primary conclusions: 1. Cultivating character strengths positively impacts senior executives' leadership effectiveness through enhanced self-awareness, increased confidence, strengthened psychological resilience, authentic leadership practice, and expanded influence. 2. Appreciative Inquiry as a practice method supports the development of character strengths by focusing on strengths, deep reflection, positive dialogue, vision building, and action planning. 3. Prioritizing character strength development before habit leading to success formation offers advantages in self-efficacy, interpersonal relationships, work performance, adaptability, and holistic development. 4. Appreciative Inquiry positively influences executives' cognitive levels, self-awareness, and leadership philosophy by elevating mental models, deepening self-understanding, reshaping leadership philosophy, enhancing empathy, and promoting systems thinking. 5. The high-performance leadership development program combining Appreciative Inquiry and character strengths theory implements seven practical actions: personalized assessment, appreciative interviews, vision workshops, action learning, reflective journaling, peer coaching, and executive coaching. 6. Cultivating character strengths through Appreciative Inquiry positively impacts senior leaders' decision-making processes and organizational culture shaping through improved decision quality, enhanced decision confidence, promotion of innovative thinking, creation of a positive atmosphere, increased employee engagement, and fostering diversity and inclusion. 7. Appreciative Inquiry methodology demonstrates seven unique advantages in cultivating character strengths and enhancing leadership: positive orientation, high engagement, systemic perspective, sustainability, adaptability, relationship building, and innovation stimulation. 8. Senior executives who cultivate character strengths experience seven perspective transformations, shifting from deficit improvement to strengths orientation, individual heroism to team empowerment, management control to trust and delegation, short-term goal achievement to long-term development, fixed mindset to growth mindset, competitive mentality to collaborative action, and results orientation to process optimization. Ultimately, based on these findings, the researcher advocates for the continued promotion of Appreciative Inquiry-based leadership development programs across various leadership levels and professional domains. This approach, grounded in positive psychology, aims to benefit individuals from all walks of life seeking to enhance their well-being and talent development, ultimately contributing to more fulfilling and prosperous lives. Keywords: Positive Psychology, Virtues and Character Strengths, Appreciative Inquiry, Well-being, Leadership