高等教育擴張對台灣教育工資溢酬的影響：1990年至2019年

本研究調查了高等教育擴張對台灣長期教育工資溢酬影響。自1995年高等教育擴張政策實施以來，短短20年大學數量暴增。1995年到2019年間，大學的數量從 60 所擴增加到 140所。大學的急劇擴張，產生超額數量大學畢業生衝擊勞力市場，導致年輕的大學畢業生工資降低。本研究使用1990年至2019 年的人力資源運用調查，透過資料與差異中的差異模型(DDD)，探討大學擴張後，大學以上與未上大學畢業生、研究所與大學畢業生、大學與專科畢業生、專科與高中畢業生、專科與高職畢業生之間的工資溢酬情況。本研究結果顯示大學以上與未上大學畢業生組，教育工資溢酬隨著時間增加而減少，研究所與大學這組在第T0期與第T1期的工資溢酬為正，T期與T2期轉為負。大學與專科組、專科與高職組的溢酬兩期均為負。這無異於對年輕擁有高學歷的技術工作者的一種處罰。實施高教擴張政策造成的分配愈不平均。唯有大學與高中組，兩期教育工資溢酬均為正，我們可視為擁有技術的高學歷者對於無技術的低學歷者的優勢。長期來說，高等教育的擴張確實影響了台灣各學歷畢業生的薪資，不可避免地導致了台灣年輕族群的教育薪資溢酬惡化。

關鍵字

教育工資溢酬；高等教育擴張；差異中的差異模型

並列摘要

This study investigates the impact of higher education expansion on the long-term education wage premium in Taiwan. Since the implementation of the higher education expansion policy in 1995, the number of universities has increased dramatically in just 20 years. Between 1995 and 2019, the number of universities expanded from 60 to 140. The rapid expansion of universities has produced an excess number of college graduates, which has impacted the labor market, resulting in lower wages for young college graduates. This study uses human resources utilization surveys from 1990 to 2019, and uses the difference-in-difference-in-differences model (DDD) to explore the differences between university graduates and non-college graduates, graduate students and university graduates, and university and university graduates after university expansion. Wage premiums among college graduates, college and high school graduates, and college and vocational college graduates. The results of this study show that the education wage premium for the group of college graduates and those without college graduates decreases with time. The wage premium of the research institute and university groups is positive in periods T0 and T1, and the wage premium in periods T and T2 is positive. turns negative. The premiums for the university and junior college group, and the junior college and higher vocational college group were negative in both periods. This is tantamount to a punishment for young and highly educated technical workers. The implementation of the higher education expansion policy has resulted in an even more uneven distribution. Only for the university and high school group, the educational wage premium is positive in both periods. We can regard it as the advantage of those with high education and technical skills over those with low education and no skills. In the long term, the expansion of higher education has indeed affected the salaries of graduates with various academic qualifications in Taiwan, inevitably leading to the deterioration of the education salary premium among young people in Taiwan.