離島社區社會資本、人力資本與財務資本關聯性之研究-發展性社會工作觀點之分析

近年來，我國社區發展面臨到自主發展的挑戰與威脅，社區自主一直都是過去好幾年來難以解決的議題，許多偏鄉社區都面臨老化的問題，難以擁有良好的人力與物力，使得社區難以永續發展，而發展性社會工作就是希望能夠以更積極面的觀點去幫提供幫助，藉此，本研究透過發展性社會工作觀點，希冀去瞭解社區發展的現況與未來。本研究旨在探討離島社區的社區發展現況與挑戰，影響發展性社會工作因素，研究者以社會資本、人力資本、財務資本作為分析變項，並統計推論出之間差異與關聯性。本研究以問卷調查法，發放300份問卷，收回299份有效問卷，採用分層叢集隨機抽樣的方式進行，針對澎湖、金門、馬祖地區各收100份問卷，依據問卷內容進行統計檢定，研究發現顯示，首先，離島社區中，金門縣社區在人力資本與財務資本較佳，其次，社區網絡是重要影響與財務資本最大因素，最後，志願服務為提升財務資本重要因素。本研究也依據研究結果給予相關建議如下：(1) 強化社區外部治理；(2)強化社區幹部與志願服務的培力，提升社區內部治理能力；(3)鼓勵社區發展多元化的經濟來源；(4)強化社區組織對於網絡的互動，使社區永續發展；(5)強化社區志願服務訓練與留任；(6)妥善運用社區專業人才；(7)探究發展性社會工作在社區實務上的研究；(8)探究高收入家庭對於社區發展影響因素；(9)探究金門縣社區發展成功因素，成為離島社區借鏡。

關鍵字

社區工作；發展性社會工作；離島社區

並列摘要

In recent years, community development in our country has encountered the challenge and the threat of independent development. The issue of community autonomy has been a difficult problem with the proper solution for many years; quite a few rural communities all face the issue of aging, so the community can only sustainably develop with an adequate and fine workforce and material resources. Developmental social work is about applying a more aggressive point of view to provide all the necessary assistance. Therefore, the study expects to understand the current status and the future of community development through the point of view of developmental social work. The primary of the study is to explore and discuss the current status and future of developmental social work in the communities of outlying Islands and the factors that influence developmental social work. The researcher takes social, human, and financial capital as the variables to be analyzed and to find the difference and correlation through inferential statistics. The study adopted the questionnaire survey, dispatched 300 questionnaires, collected 299 effective questionnaires, and proceeded the study through stratified cluster random sampling. One hundred questionnaires were collected for the areas of Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu, respectively, to proceed with the statistical test based on the questionnaire's content. The outcome of the study shows that first, the communities in Kinmen County, among all the communities in the outlying island, bear better human capital and financial capital; next, the network in the community is the major factor that most significantly impacts financial capital; finally, the volunteer service is the crucial element to lift the financial capital. The study also provides related suggestions based on the study's outcome;(1) Strengthen the community's external governance.(2) enhance the cultivation of cadres in the communities and volunteering service, and lift the internal governance in the communities.(3) Encourage the community to develop diverse economic resource.(4) Strengthen the interaction between the organization of the communities and network and enable sustainable development in the communities.(5) Strengthen the volunteer service training and remain in the office of communities.(6) Properly apply the professional talents in the community.(7) Explore the study in the community's practice of developmental social work.(8) Explore the factors that influence communities’ development made by high-income families (9) Explore the factors that achieved the success of community development in Kinmen County and become an excellent example for other outlying Islands.