“雙百”社會工作模式研究

2016年以來，廣東省民政廳主導實施“雙百計劃”（簡稱“雙百”），主張在粵東西北地區偏遠鄉村建立社工站，由基層政府直接聘用專業社工，為民政對象提供社會服務。此後，廣東省及各省市掀起了建設鄉鎮社工站的浪潮。“雙百”所塑造的社會工作模式與過去盛行的政府購買社會工作模式有所不同。本研究採取質性研究方法開展研究。針對18位參與“雙百”的高校教師和機構負責人進行深度訪談，收集“雙百”有關的數據資料、政策文件及官員講話稿作為二手資料，資料分析針對訪談資料和二手資料開展。研究目的是描述“雙百”社會工作模式的樣態，分析“雙百”模式興起的脈絡，進而探討中國大陸的專業社會工作未來發展。研究發現，“雙百”模式包括六個維度，即中西結合的專業理論基礎、採用政府直聘的用工模式、採取駐守村居的工作模式、堅持弱勢優先的理念、以政策實踐作為實務干預策略和培育本土專業社工人才。另外，“雙百”模式是在五重脈絡共同作用下興起和發展的，包括：意識形態脈絡、專業脈絡、政治脈絡、經濟脈絡和國家-社會關係脈絡。本研究依據上述發現，分別對中國大陸的專業社會工作和“雙百”模式發展提出建議。針對前者的建議包括社會工作定義要找到本土化和國際化的平衡點、社會工作發展要保持多元樣態、社會工作領域要超越民政部門、社會工作實踐要擴大社會福利。針對後者的建議包括將社工站轉變成進行社會建設的事業單位、確立互為主體的政社關係和以法律制度來明確社工職責。

關鍵字

雙百計劃；脈絡；意識形態；政治；國家-社會關係

並列摘要

The Guangdong Provincial Department of Civil Affairs has been leading the implementation of the " Double Hundred Program " ("DHP") since 2016. The "DHP" advocates the establishment of social work stations in the remote villages of the northeastern and northwestern regions of Guangdong, with the grassroots government directly employing professional social workers providing social services to the service users of civil affairs. Hereafter, Guangdong and the other provinces and municipalities commenced a wave of building social work stations in rural areas. The social work model shaped by the "DHP" is different from the prevalent model of social work purchased by the government in the past. This study adopts a qualitative research approach to research. The author conducted 18 in-depth interviews with 18 university teachers and agency leaders, who participated in the "DHP". The secondary data that consist of official data, policy documents, and the texts of official speeches related to the "DHP" were also collected for analysis. The purpose of the study is to describe the DHP social work model, analyze the contextuality in which the DHP model emerged, and explore the outlook of professional development in social work in the Chinese mainland. The study found that the "DHP" model consists of six dimensions: a professional theoretical foundation that integrates the East and the West, the adoption of a direct government employment model, the adoption of a village-based work model, the insistence on the concept of prioritizing the disadvantaged, the use of policy practice as a practical intervention strategy, and the nurturing of local professional social work talents. In addition, the "DHP" model has emerged and developed under the five dimensions of contextuality: the ideological context, the professional context, the political context, the economic context, and the state-society relational context. Based on the foregoing findings, this study respectively proposes recommendations for the development of professional social work and the "DHP" model in the Chinese mainland. The recommendations for the former include searching a balance between Indigenization and internationalization in the definition of social work, maintaining a pluralistic approach to social work development, extending the social work field beyond the civil affairs department, and expanding social welfare in social work practice. Suggestions for the latter include transforming social work stations into social construction undertakings, establishing a mutual relationship between the government and society, and defining the duties of social workers through a legal system.