柔道掃腰技術施術期之生物力學分析 研 究 生:林士欣 民國九十二年六月 指導教授:黃長福博士 摘 要 根據1996亞特蘭大奧運及1997世界杯柔道賽中所施行的摔倒法,掃腰(Haraigoshi)動作在各級選手取勝技術中,是最常被使用的摔倒技術之一。然而同一技法,雖其基本型態不變,但隨著練習者的體型、實戰經驗、資質及指導者的差異,會發展出不同的動作。有鑑於此,本研究就選手在做掃腰動作時,其支撐腳腳尖所朝的角度為問題核心,來探討掃腰施術時支撐腳腳尖、腳跟連線與被施術者站立面呈60度90度及120度時,其運動學及動力學特徵,以供教練與選手訓練時的參考。 本研究以台灣師範大學柔道隊八名績優保送的選手為受試對象,利用攝影機(60Hz)和測力板(600Hz)同步收集資料,得到以下結論: 一、 若支撐腳角度越大,則動作時間有越短的趨勢 二、 支撐腳角度的不同,並不會影響被摔者重心最大速度、施術者重心垂直位移以及動作腳大腿重心最大速度。 三、 支撐腳呈90度的膝關節最小角度顯著大於60度,表示60度時膝關節蹲的比90度的低;體角最小角度則是60度比90度的大,表示90度的身體比60度的前傾,較有助於重心的穩定。 四、 掃腰施術時最大垂直作用力不是出現在被摔者雙腳離地瞬間,而是在雙腳離地後約0.1秒內,且不會因為支撐腳角度的不同而有所差異。 五、 研究結果顯示,支撐腳呈90度是三個角度中兼顧重心穩定及動作速度的一個。 關鍵字:柔道、生物力學、掃腰、運動學、動力學
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF JUDO HARAIGOSHI TECHNIQUE DURING THE KAKE Lin Shir Hsin Advisor:Huang Chen Fu ABSTRACT According to the techniques used by judoists in 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games and 1997 Judo Word Cup. Haraigoshi was one of most used techniques by different levels of judoist to win the game. However, although its basic skill does not change, the different movements will be developed according to the judoists body type, experiences, native intelligence, and coaching style. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to investigate the kinetics and kinematics differences when the position of support leg of thrower were at 60 degrees, 90 degrees, and 120 degrees with thrown. Eight judoists participated in this study. Two JVC 9800 digital cameras(60Hz) and one Kistler 9287(600Hz)force platform were used to collect the kinematic and kinetic data.. The results of this study were as followed: 1. The greater the support leg angles, the shorter the movement time. 2. No difference was found on thrown maximum center of gravity(C.G)velocity and thrower maximum C.G vertical displacement and maximum attack leg C.G velocity on different support leg angles. 3. The minimum angles of knee joint and the minimum body angle had significant difference between support leg at 90 degrees and 60 degrees. 4. Maximum vertical ground reaction force(GRF)of thrower was observed near 0.1 second after thrown both feet off ground. No difference on maximum GRF was found on three angles. 5. This study showed that the angle 90 degrees was the best angle between three position. Keyword:Judo、Biomechanics、Haraigoshi、Kinematics、Kinetics