拉威爾《庫普蘭之墓》之樂曲分析與詮釋

莫里斯˙拉威爾（Joseph-Maurice Ravel, 1875-1937）為十九世紀末至二十世紀法國樂壇上重要的作曲家之一。拉威爾旋律線條清楚是受到「新古典主義」（Neo-Classicism）的影響，且拉威爾的音樂創作風格富有異國風格也帶有舞蹈的形式，且手法新奇絢麗。創作晚期，拉威爾作品有爵士樂（Jazz）與藍調（Blues）的素材、曲式精簡與迷人的旋律線條增添樂曲的明暗色彩，這都顯示拉威爾音樂色彩豐富及創作多樣化。筆者在樂曲如何演奏詮釋前，欲先了解《庫普蘭之墓》之特色與演奏方法，爾後更能貼近拉威爾在《庫普蘭之墓》樂曲中的呈現。詮釋《庫普蘭之墓》的音色，除了練習非常重要外，強調手指獨立性與靈巧、姿勢與放鬆、運用不同部位肢體彈奏不同音色、耳朵的訓練及踏板的運用，使樂曲有音色變化上的層次，加上對作曲家創作特點的認識，不管在速度、節奏、裝飾音、樂句等元素處理選擇上都要透過瞭解與學習，才能靠近作曲家欲強調的特點與正確風格的表現。本詮釋報告就拉威爾的生平、鋼琴作品風格、樂曲創作背景及樂曲分析及樂曲詮釋來探討這組《庫普蘭之墓》。

關鍵字

拉威爾；庫普蘭之墓；法國音樂；舞曲

並列摘要

Joseph-Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) was one of the most important French composers. In the modern history from music the late 19th to the 20th century. Ravel was clearly influenced by Neo-Classicism. His style was magnificent with exotic, dance, jazz, and blues elements, and concise structures with charming embodies. These characteristics shows the diversity and colors in Ravel’s music. As the author I would like to thoroughly understand the features and discover the proper way of performance of Le Tombeau de Couperin（1914-1917）. To approach closer to Ravel’s imagination, and thinking interpretation. In practice, I find it way important to emphasize the finger independence and dexterity, body posture and relaxation and to experience different parts of body strength to play different timbres. Also, I try to listen and adjust pedaling carefully, through focusing on your hearing and pedal to add more layers of sound and colors. Moreover, I try explore the relationship between speed, rhythm, decorative sounds, phrasing and harmonization in Le Tombeau de Couperin to figure a proper interpretation. In this thesis, I generally uncovers the life of Ravel, the style of his piano works, the background of his composition; and give detailed analyzation and my interpretation of Le Tombeau de Couperin.