- 學位論文
危機化為轉機-未婚青少女非預期生養子女之家庭壓力與韌性
A Crisis Can Be an Opportunity: Family Stress and Resilience of Unexpected Birth Given by Unmarried Adolescent Females
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摘要
近10年來，台灣15-19歲青少女生育率佔千分之4，平均約有3000名新生兒為青少女所生，且留養比例愈趨增長。青少女懷孕承受許多生理、心理及社會環境的危機壓力，而家庭在事件中亦扮演重要支持角色。過往研究多以問題取向觀點探討青少女懷孕議題，卻忽略了在逆境中發展的力量。故本研究以家庭壓力與韌性理論為視角，取代「問題」與「責難」之觀點，並透過敘事研究訪談4位青少女懷孕及其家庭，歸納出非預期生養事件中，家庭壓力及困境歷程，並發掘家庭韌性之關鍵因素。 本研究透過未婚青少女非預期生養子女階段，從發現懷孕、繼續孕育的決定、生下孩子後，家庭壓力與韌性的過程。家庭壓力包含：一、青少女在懷孕中後期才告知，將帶來生養的風險。二、未婚與婚生為家庭價值觀之拉扯。三、未婚非預期生養之孩子生父不可控性。四、家人是資源亦是教養上的阻礙。然而，家庭在壓力情境中，將會發展出家庭韌性，包含：一、開放溝通及信任的家庭，增加青少女懷孕求助的機會。二、家中成員扮演家庭內溝通潤滑劑。三、家庭動員連結資源，成為正向力量。四、青少女的母親成為照顧後盾，是非預期生養事件中不可或缺的角色。五、非預期生養事件為母女關係重新連結的契機點。六、每個決定的背後均有正向信念。七、具有母職信念的青少女，有較強的韌性發展。 本研究提供青少女非預期生養家庭正向力量及運用家庭韌性的能力。同時對於教育工作、社會工作者在學術及實務經驗的整合，找出家庭中的資源，陪伴他們面對逆境。
並列摘要
In the last 10 years, the fertility rate of adolescent females (ages 15-19) is 4‰. That is, around 3000 newborns were born to adolescent mothers, and the percentage of adolescent mothers keeping their babies is on the rise. Adolescent females are under a tremendous burden physiologically, psychologically and socially, and family has its crucial role in supporting those adolescent females. The past research often discusses adolescent pregnancy in a problem-oriented manner, which ignores the strength cultivated when one faces difficulty. This research thus aims to advance the issue from the perspectives of family pressure and resilience instead of focusing on the ‘problems’ and ‘blames’ incurred by adolescent pregnancy. The application of narrative research is conducted through interviews with 4 adolescent mothers and their families, and concludes with the key factor of resilience in the process of experiencing unexpected birth, family stress and difficulty. This research is aimed at researching family stress and resilience endured by unmarried adolescent mothers who have unexpected birth. The process includes how unmarried adolescent mothers accept the fact that they are pregnant, the decision of continuing the pregnancy and giving birth to the children. The family stress includes the following elements: to begin with, it is not until the mid to final stages of pregnancy that adolescent mothers are notified of the risk of giving birth to and raising the children. Second, there is a tension between different family values (married and unmarried children). Third, the biological father of the unmarried child is often an uncontrollable factor. Fourth, family members might be an impediment to raising a child. However, resilience might also be developed when one experiences family stress. Resilience might include the following items. First, a family that embraces communication and boosts confidence offers assistance to the pregnant adolescent females. Second, family members can be negotiators. Third, family members can leverage resources and thus become a source of power. Fourth, mothers of adolescent females can be a strong support and thus become a crucial role. Fifth, an unexpected birth might be an opportunity for rebuilding the mother-daughter relationship. Sixth, there is always a positive message behind every decision. Seventh, adolescent mothers who embrace the notion of becoming a mother might be equipped with more resilience. The research offers insight for the cases of unexpected birth given by unmarried adolescent mothers, and indicates the ability to leverage positive energy and resilience within a family. Furthermore, with the integration of academic and practical experiences from the field of education and social education, the research uncovers the family resources for overcoming adversity.
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