南宋紹興府志《嘉泰會稽志》及《寶慶會稽續志》之變遷——以「圍湖造田」為中心

本研究旨在探討南宋寧宗、理宗兩朝（1194-1233）在「圍田」議題上的政策變遷，並通過比較《嘉泰會稽志》（1201年編纂）與《寶慶會稽續志》（1225年編纂）兩部地方志，分析中央、地方政府與地方精英之間的互動，及其對地方志編纂內容的影響。　　紹興府的水利資源豐富，加上南遷後南方人口增長，圍湖造田成為農業生產的關鍵。同時，隨著圍田擴張，與復湖派之間的矛盾逐漸加劇，特別是鏡湖之圍墾和復湖爭議。研究發現《嘉泰志》之編纂團隊多由地方精英組成，內容偏重於地方社會議題與文化，並明顯表達復湖派的立場，試圖通過地方志推動復湖。然而在《寶慶續志》編纂時期，由於國家財政壓力及當時政治、社會、自然環境之變遷，復湖計畫的推行難以實現，而後《寶慶續志》在內容上避談復湖議題，強調地方官政績。　　本研究依據國家政策、地方社會與環境三大面向分析「圍田」問題背後的深層因素。首先，政策方面，朝廷在利益與政策之間搖擺不定。其次，社會方面，圍田導致的水利破壞及豪強勢力的擴張，使得復湖計畫面臨重重阻力。第三，環境方面，圍墾雖增加土地面積與經濟收益，但改變當地水利系統，造成災害頻發，使得復湖問題更為複雜。　　綜合本文討論，本研究通過比較《嘉泰志》與《寶慶續志》，揭示不同時期、不同編纂者如何運用地方志回應中央政策與地方需求的差異，並提供分析地方志編纂與內容變遷的新視角。透過對「圍田」議題的深入探討，希望能夠為南宋地方志的研究提供參考，並進一步理解中央與地方的權力運作及其對地方社會的影響。

關鍵字

嘉泰會稽志；寶慶會稽續志；紹興；鏡湖；圍田

並列摘要

This study explores policy changes regarding the issue of "enclosing fields" during the reigns of Emperors Ningzong and Lizong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1194-1233). By comparing the Gazetteer of Jiatai Kuaiji Prefecture (compiled in 1201) and the Continuation Gazetteer of Baoqing Kuaiji Prefecture (compiled in 1225), this research analyzes the interactions between the central government, local authorities, and local elites, as well as their influence on the compilation of these gazetteers. Shaoxing Prefecture, with its abundant water resources, became a key area for agricultural production, especially after the migration of the southern population. The practice of enclosing lakes for cultivation became essential for agricultural development. However, as the practice of "enclosing fields" expanded, conflicts between proponents of reclamation and supporters of lake restoration gradually intensified, particularly in disputes over the reclamation of and restoration efforts regarding Jing Lake. The study finds that the compilation team of the Gazetteer of Jiatai Kuaiji Prefecture consisted mostly of local elites, who focused on social issues and culture. They explicitly supported the lake restoration faction, attempting to promote the restoration of lakes through the gazetteer. However, during the compilation of the Continuation Gazetteer of Baoqing Kuaiji Prefecture, due to pressures on state finances and changes in the political, social, and natural environments, the implementation of the lake restoration plan became increasingly difficult. As a result, the Continuation Gazetteer of Baoqing Kuaiji Prefecture avoided discussing the restoration issue and instead emphasized the achievements of local officials. This study analyzes the deep-seated factors behind the issue of "enclosing fields" from three perspectives: state policy, local society, and the environment. First, in terms of policy, the court wavered between competing interests and policy decisions. Second, from a social perspective, the destruction of water conservancy caused by "enclosing fields" and the expansion of powerful local forces created significant resistance to the lake restoration plan. Third, from an environmental perspective, while reclamation increased land area and economic benefits, it altered the local water system, leading to frequent disasters and further complicating the issue of lake restoration. In summary, by comparing the Gazetteer of Jiatai Kuaiji Prefecture and the Continuation Gazetteer of Baoqing Kuaiji Prefecture, this study reveals how different compilers in different periods utilized gazetteers to respond to central policies and local needs, providing a new perspective on the compilation and content changes of gazetteers. Through an in-depth discussion of the issue of "enclosing fields," it is hoped that this research will contribute to the study of Southern Song gazetteers and offer a deeper understanding of the operation of power between the central and local governments and its impact on local society.