- 學位論文
古斯塔夫‧馬勒《歌曲與歌謠》第二冊與第三冊音樂分析與詮釋
An Analysis and Interpretation of Lieder und Gesänge Vol. 2 and Vol. 3 by Gustav Mahler
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摘要
古斯塔夫‧馬勒 (Gustav Mahler, 1860-1911) 為奧地利 19 世紀末至 20 世紀初重要的後浪漫主義 (Post-Romanticism) 作曲家與指揮家，並對20 世紀初現代主義(Modernism) 音樂有許多啟發。 馬勒使用德國詩人克萊門斯‧布倫塔諾 (Clemens Wenzeslaus Brentano, 1778-1842) 與路德維希‧阿爾尼姆 (Achim von Arnim, 1781-1831) 蒐集於《少年魔法號角》(Des Knaben Wunderhorn, 1808) 一書中的德國民謠與詩歌，創作了 9 首魔號歌曲，收錄在《歌曲與歌謠》(Lieder und Gesänge, 1889) 的第二冊與第三冊，為馬勒音樂創作早期的代表作之一。馬勒在這 9 首魔號歌曲中將文本中角色的情緒、行為與故事氛圍等，各自賦予專屬的音樂動機，並透過豐富多變的音量與張力對比，搭配稍作修改的歌詞內容，刻畫出鮮明的角色性格以及立體的故事背景。 本研究分為六章，分別是：第一章緒論、第二章馬勒之生平、第三章馬勒的聲樂作品特色、第四章布倫塔諾與阿爾尼姆之生平、第五章《歌曲與歌謠》第二與第三冊藝術歌曲分析與詮釋及第六章結語。本研究希望透過探究《歌曲與歌謠》第二與第三冊之 9 首魔號歌曲，瞭解馬勒對於《少年魔法號角》的題材以及動機的選用等作曲手法。歌者與鋼琴家需要掌握馬勒細膩的音樂力度變化，以及歌曲中多變的角色語氣、模仿各種器樂音色的音樂動機，來忠實呈現歌詞與音樂表達的情感、語氣與氛圍。
並列摘要
Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) is one of the leading Austrian Post-Romantic composers and conductors in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. He also inspirs Modernism music prevailed in the early 20th century. Mahler composes 9 lieder for Lieder und Gesänge, using poetry from Des Knaben Wunderhorn (1808), a folklore poetry collection compiled by German poets Clemens Wenzeslaus Brentano (1778-1842) and Achim von Arnim (1781-1831). These 9 Lieder are published in Vol. 2 and 3, and these vocal works are one of the iconic representatives of his early works. These 9 Lieder show Mahler’s masterful technique in setting up atmosphere of the songs, giving motives descriptive emotions, and atmosphere of the story, and to shape the characters, he uses various levels of volume changes, contrasting colors, and slightly modified texts to portrayed the characters' personalities vividly and set up the story backgrounds. This study is constructed in six chapters: the Introduction, Mahler's brief biography, Mahler's Vocal Works, Brentano's and Arnim's biography, the Analysis and Interpretation of 9 Lieder from Vol. 2 and 3, and the Conclusion. By examining these 9 Lieder of Des Knaben Wunderhorn in Lieder und Gesänge, one can comprehend more of Mahler's choice of subject matter and his composition of techniques in using motifs, as well as his approach to the Orchsterlied. When presenting these work, singers and pianists need to collaborate carefully to present Mahler's subtle and various musical changes, as the usage of motives, the imitation of certain instrument’s timbre, and how he text-paints the emotion with music.
參考文獻
羅基敏、梅樂亙。《大地之歌-馬勒的人世心聲》。臺北：華滋出版，2011。
羅基敏、梅樂亙。《少年魔號：馬勒的詩意泉源》。臺北：華滋出版，2010。
Anguiano, Monica. Mahler Fountion. https://mahlerfoundation.org/mahler/compositions/wunderhorn-2/des-knaben-wunderhorn-2-songs-lied-2-wunderhorn-der-tamboursg-sell/. last accessed April 16, 2024.
Cooke, Deryck. Gustav Mahler : An Introduction to His Music. London: Cambridge University Press, 1988
de La Grange, Henry-Louis. Gustav Mahler Volume 2: Vienna: The Years of Challenge (1897–1904). London: Oxford University Press, 1995