1970年代前後臺灣「奇裝異服」取締行動之研究

本研究聚焦於1970年代前後臺灣「奇裝異服」取締行動，探討政策背景、執行過程及社會影響，以政府取締與常民經驗為主軸，運用政策文件、新聞報導、口述資料及影像記錄，從多層面檢視該行動的全貌。取締行動結合反共復國的大背景，植根於戒嚴體制對服儀秩序的重視。警備總部將「奇裝異服」上升為全國性議題，透過警察、教育與媒體多方協作，在街頭、校園及演藝界推動全方位管控。男性長髮因其被解讀為陰柔且削弱國家形象，成為嚴格取締重點；女性裸露裝扮雖相對寬鬆，但中學生因升學壓力與傳統規範，服儀仍受到嚴密控制。威權體制下的道德論述滲透至民間，形成著裝與品格、學業等問題的聯結，迫使常民進行自我審查與心理調適。個體在面臨權威壓力時，雖被動服從，卻常以「倒楣」的心態展現能動性。取締行動在執行層面標準不一，僵化的規範亦因學歷、地緣或政治需求出現差別待遇，而其形式大於實質效益的特性，更加凸顯政策的不公平與低效。隨著社會逐漸開放與威權鬆動，「奇裝異服」取締行動逐步式微，終至消亡。然而，此行動深刻影響了一代青少年的心理與生活自由，並對服裝文化與個人表達權造成抑制，為理解臺灣戒嚴時期威權治理與社會變遷的重要案例。

關鍵字

嬉皮；反叛文化；戒嚴；監視與懲罰；威權國家；服飾

並列摘要

This study focuses on Taiwan's "strange clothing" crackdown during the 1970s, analyzing its policy background, implementation process, and social impact. Centered on government actions and common people's experiences, the research employs policy documents, news reports, oral histories, and visual records to provide a comprehensive examination of the movement. The crackdown was intertwined with the broader anti-communist and nation-building context, rooted in the authoritarian regime's emphasis on dress code discipline. The Garrison Command elevated "strange clothing" to a nationwide issue, enforcing comprehensive controls through collaboration among the police, educational institutions, and media. Long hairstyles on men, interpreted as effeminate and weakening the national image, were a primary target of strict enforcement. Meanwhile, although revealing attire among women faced relatively lenient criticism, middle and high school students, under academic pressures and traditional norms, were still subject to stringent dress code restrictions. Moral discourses promoted by the authoritarian regime permeated society, linking attire with character, academic performance, and societal values, thereby compelling individuals to engage in self-censorship and psychological adjustment. While individuals often passively complied with authority under pressure, they simultaneously exhibited agency by regarding punitive measures as mere bad luck. Execution standards for the crackdown were inconsistent, and rigid regulations often resulted in preferential treatment based on education, regional ties, or political considerations. These formalized yet inefficient measures underscored the policy’s inequity and ineffectiveness. As society gradually opened up and authoritarianism weakened, the "strange clothing" crackdown waned and eventually disappeared. Nevertheless, the movement profoundly impacted a generation of youth, restricting their psychological and personal freedoms and suppressing sartorial culture and individual expression. This case serves as a crucial lens for understanding Taiwan's authoritarian governance and societal transformation during the martial law period.