109 至 113 學年度全國學生音樂比賽國小組弦樂合奏指定曲之內容分析

本研究旨在針對109至113學年度全國學生音樂比賽國小組弦樂合奏指定曲以內容分析法進行分析，以研究者自編「全國學生音樂比賽國小組弦樂合奏指定曲類目表」作為研究工具，以「樂曲創作資訊」、「音樂組成元素」與「弦樂合奏表現內容」三面向進行分析與探討，得到以下結論：一、109至113學年度全國學生音樂比賽國小組弦樂合奏指定曲之樂曲創作資訊面向中，音樂類型、創作年代及作曲家之分布具有多樣性。各類音樂類型分布平均，比例無明顯落差，無專美於特定音樂類型的情形；創作年代中，古典時期、浪漫時期、二十與二十一世紀比例一致，除文藝復興時期無作品外，尚有巴洛克時期占少部分比例；作曲家中除莫札特與傅克斯占比較多外，其餘作曲家比例一致。由上述可知，各個主類目的分布情形平均，顯示出樂曲創作資訊的多樣性。二、109至113學年度全國學生音樂比賽國小組弦樂合奏指定曲音樂組成元素分布符合國小學生的學習階段。音樂組成元素面向中，調性占比最大為大調、速度占比最大為中板至快板、曲式占比最大為三段體、力度中—最大漸強漸弱幅度以為一至四小節為大宗。由上述可知，109至113學年度全國學生音樂比賽國小組弦樂合奏指定曲大多數音樂組成元素有常見的相關特性，研究者認為選曲上符合國小學生的程度。三、109至113學年度全國學生音樂比賽國小組弦樂合奏指定曲之弦樂合奏表現內容分布情形能顯示出學生須具備的演奏能力。弦樂合奏表現內容中，各項分布具有差異性。演奏技巧中，各聲部皆有使用跳弓、高把位、快速音群，惟聲部間使用依據在弦樂合奏中聲部的角色比例有不同；合奏音樂內容中，各面向分布集中於主旋律銜接有規律以及四五聲部節奏齊奏。以上的分布情形顯示出學生演奏109至113學年度全國學生音樂比賽國小組弦樂合奏指定曲所需具備的演奏能力。

關鍵字

全國學生音樂比賽；弦樂合奏；內容分析

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to analyze the National Students Music Competition's compulsory pieces for elementary school string orchestra from 2020 to 2024 academic years by the content analysis method. Using the “List of Compulsory pieces for String Orchestra in the National Students Music Competition” compiled by the researcher as the research tool, the three aspects of the analysis and discussion, namely, “Information on Music Composition”, “Music Elements” and “String Orchestra Performance Content”, were analyzed and explored, and the following conclusions were obtained. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. In the aspects of information on music composition for the National Students Music Competition's compulsory pieces for elementary school string orchestra from 2020 to 2024 academic years, there is a diversity in the distribution of music genres, composition eras, and composers. The distribution of musical genre was even, with no obvious difference in the proportion, and there was no specialization in a particular musical genre. Among the compositional era, the proportion of Classical Period, Romantic Period, and the 20th and 21st Centuries was the same, and except for the Renaissance, which had no works, there was still a small proportion of the Baroque Period. Among the composers, except for Mozart and Fuchs, the proportion of the other composers is the same. From the above, it can be seen that the distribution of the main categories is even, which shows the diversity of the information on music composition. 2. The distribution of music elements of the National Students Music Competition's compulsory pieces for elementary school string orchestra from 2020 to 2024 academic years is in line with the learning stage of elementary school students. Among the music elements, major key accounted for the largest proportion of tonality, tempo accounted for the largest proportion of Moderato to Allegro, ternary form accounted for the largest proportion of musical form, and one to four measures accounted for the largest proportion of dynamics with the greatest gradation of intensity. From the above, it can be seen that most of the National Students Music Competition's compulsory pieces for elementary school string orchestra from 2020 to 2024 academic years have the common characteristics of music elements, and the researcher believes that the compulsory pieces are in line with the level of the elementary school students. 3. The distribution of the string orchestra performance content of the National Students Music Competition's compulsory pieces for elementary school string orchestra from 2020 to 2024 academic years reflects the playing abilities students are expected to demonstrate. In string orchestra performance content, the distribution of each item is different. In performance skills, all parts used spiccato, high position, and fast group, but there were differences in the proportion of the roles of the parts in the string orchestra, while the distribution of the string orchestra music content focused on homophonic music connection and rhythmic unison of four or five parts. The above distribution shows the performance abilities required of elementary students for playing the National Students Music Competition's compulsory pieces for elementary school string orchestra from 2020 to 2024 academic years.