尼亞佐夫與李光耀之比較－就治國理念之研究

尼亞佐夫帶領土庫曼脫離舊蘇聯；李光耀帶領新加坡脫離馬來西亞聯邦，二人在獨立建國後，對兩國國內做了奠基的努力與政經建設，但是尼亞佐夫、李光耀卻相同地將兩國的言論自由、新聞自由、公平的選舉競爭等加以限制，本文將深入了解土庫曼、新加坡民主的實際狀況，探究這兩位政治人物的人格特質、施政內容、以及該兩國獨立建國的背景與條件。如今尼亞佐夫已死、李光耀已交棒，該兩位政治強人的施政功過、對該兩國發展所代表的意義亦為本研究探討之要點。李光耀和尼亞佐夫的治國思想都包括：重視穩定，為經濟發展創造條件；用國家的政策支持，促進經濟發展；逐漸地進行政治體制修正，把政治體制推遲到經濟發展以後。而在具體做法上，由於新加坡和土庫曼的國情不同，二者有一些不同的政策。如新加坡的打開國門引進跨國公司和組屋制度，土庫曼的發展本國天然氣出口和推進新農村運動等。李光耀和尼亞佐夫的治國思想的推展，和他們所處的時代是分不開的：冷戰時代的國家生存危機的壓力。「家族企業」與「政治壓迫」及「菁英主義」使得李光耀為人詬病，但卻不能掩蓋其政治光圈，而尼亞佐夫的封建式統治不獨表現爲絕對的一言堂，還突出表現在他的霸道作風上。這二方威權政治在時代社會現實的差異下有了截然不同的後果，筆者認為正是尼亞佐夫與李光耀執政前天差地遠的執政經驗所造成，「霸權」雖然可以快速的穩固風雨飄搖中的國家政體，但並非施政者的長久之計！

關鍵字

新加坡；土庫曼；李光耀；尼亞佐夫；威權政治；外交；經濟

並列摘要

In the early years, S.A. Niyazov, first president of Turkmenistan. and Lee Kuan-Yew, first prime minister of Singapore. Both of them led their country into independence. two independent state after the two countries' domestic efforts and political and economic construction of the foundation, but Niyazov, Lee Kuan Yew was the sametheir freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and fair electoral competition, and so be restricted to this article will learn more about the actual situation of the Turkmen, Singapore democratic explore the personality of these two political figures, policy content, as well as an independent nation of the two countriesbackground and conditions. Today, Lee Kuan Yew has been passing on the baton, the policy merits and demerits of the two political strongman Saparmurat Niyazov is dead, the development of the two countries on behalf of the significance of this study to explore the points. Lee Kuan Yew and Niyazov's rule of thought include: emphasis on stability and create conditions for economic development; support national policy to promote economic development; gradually the political system correction, the political system be postponed until after the economic development. In practice, due to the different situation in Singapore and Turkmenistan, two different policies. Such as Singapore, opening its doors to the introduction of multinational companies and HDB system, development of Turkmenistan's national gas exports and promote the new rural sports. The promotion of Lee Kuan Yew and Niyazov's rule of thinking, and they live in an era: the pressure of the crisis of national survival of the Cold War era."Family Business" and "political oppression" and "elitist" makes the man of Lee Kuan Yew criticized, but can not hide its political aperture, and the feudal rule of Niyazov not only the performance of an absolute one-man, also highlighted in on his high-handed style. The two authoritarian political differences in times of social reality has been a distinct consequences, the experience in governance of Niyazov with Lee Kuan Yew ruling the day already far away, but not long-term plan of the policy makers!