- 學位論文
連結共創與新產品績效：資源依賴與環境權變的觀點
Linking Co-creation and New Product Performance: Resource Dependency and Environmental Contingency
摘要
企業在面對消費者偏好快速改變、產品生命週期日益縮短的高度競爭環境之下，產品創新成為一股企業持續成長的助力；但並非所有產品創新計畫在市場上都能成功，而多數失敗的原因是由於企業無法確切的評估和滿足消費者的需求。共創(co-creation)是產品創新重要的途徑，藉由此途徑促使企業可與其網絡(networks)(如消費者、供應商、研究機構)共同合作開發新產品的活動，以協助企業更明確瞭解消費者的需求，透過此新興的概念將企業內外部資源有效地系統整合，使網絡成員(特別是消費者)從被動的使用者轉為主動的參與者，並成為價值創造的一環。 本研究主要藉由資源依賴理論(resource dependency theory)與環境權變理論(environmental contingency theory)發展理論模式；探討在各個產業於不同環境脈絡中，共創於新產品開發的創新行為，以及共創在其中所扮演的角色。經由結構式問卷調查之結果，以個案分析法來進行，以深入在不同程度外部環境變動(environmental turbulence)與內部知識管理機制(knowledge management mechanism)下，對共創與新產品績效間之影響。本研究結果發現： (1)共創不論於任何環境變動之下皆有助於新產品績效之提升。 (2)在新產品開發專案過程中較被廣泛使用的知識管理機制為來自企業內部、外部網路的知識來源機制，以及知識儲存的機制。 (3)不論在任何市場變動之下，知識管理機制的廣泛使用，有助於共創活動增加，進而促使整體新產品績效提高。 (4)在高度競爭強度之下，知識管理機制的廣泛使用，會導致共創活動與整體新產品績效的降低；反觀於低度競爭強度之下，知識管理機制的廣泛使用有助於共創活動增加，進而促使整體新產品績效提高。 (5)在高度技術變動之下，知識管理機制的廣泛使用，無法明顯得知對共創活動 與新產品績效之影響；反觀於在低度技術變動之下，知識管理機制的廣泛使用，有助於共創活動增加，但僅使新產品品質績效提高。
並列摘要
Product innovation increasingly becomes as a mean adopted by firms to improve their market expansion, sustain a competitive advantage, and promote overall performance. However, not all the product innovation plans can succeed in the market. Co-creation is important approach of systematic innovation. This approach make firm can connect with networks (e.g., consumer, supplier, research institute) to collaborate in the new product development activities, and assist firm to understand the need of consumers. Through this new emerging concept to systematic integrate the firm’s interior and exterior resources. Furthermore, co-creation makes the members of networks from a passive user to a active participator, and bring member to become a part of value creation. This research draws upon the perspectives of resource dependency theory and environmental contingency theory to develop the framework. The purposes include exploring co-creation of innovation behavior of new product development, and what co-creation would be in different environmental context of respective industries. To use structured questionnaire and case study method to understand the effect of external environmental turbulence and internal knowledge management mechanism between co-creation and new product performance. The results could be found that: (1) Co-creation, regardless of which environmental turbulence, contribute to increase new product performance. (2) the knowledge management mechanism, which comes from internal and external internet of knowledge resources, and knowledge storage, is applied prevalently in new product development project. (3) Under defferent degree of market turbulence, the comprehensive use of knowledge management mechanism that would contribute to increase co-creation activity, and enhance new product performance. (4) Under high degree of competition intensity, the comprehensive use of knowledge management mechanism would lead to decrease co-creation activity and new product performance; in contrast, under low degree of competition intensity, the comprehensive use of knowledge management mechanism contribute to increase co-creation activity, and enhance new product performance. (5) Knowledge management mechanism can’t verify the effect betwwen co-creation and new product performance significantly; however, under low degree of technological turbulence, the comprehensive use of knowledge management mechanism contribute to increase co-creation activity, but only enhance quality performance of new product.