熱帶地區冷氣機效能提高之研發

在高溫之熱天使用冷氣機時出風溫度過高而不冷的主要原因之一是由於室外氣溫過高時，冷氣機中的冷凝器溫度與大氣溫度差降低，導致冷凝器散熱不良，無法將來自壓縮機的高壓高溫冷媒蒸汽完全冷卻成稍微低溫的高壓液體，因此高壓的飽和液汽混合冷媒經過膨脹閥時會閃變造成低壓低溫飽和液汽混合冷媒中的液態冷煤不足而且溫度稍高於正常情況; 這溫度稍高且量又不多的液態冷煤去蒸發吸熱不能產生足夠的冷凍效果，故此時冷氣機的出風會不夠冷。為了解決能夠解決上述因外界高氣溫造成冷氣機出風不冷的問題，研製出一可提升分離式冷氣機冷凍性能的「外加不連續噴水系統」 (已通過中華民國新型專利第198598號)。「外加不連續噴水系統」主要是由供水管路裝置、四分電磁閥、噴水管路、噴嘴和控制單元組成。這不連續噴水系統會安裝在分離式冷氣機之室外冷凝器表面; 它設計是當氣溫高於某一設定溫度(例如35℃)時便自動作用; 由一組噴嘴噴出的不連續霧化水滴散佈於熱的凝結器表面，然後部分噴出的水吸熱蒸發成水蒸汽，而部分噴出的水會吸熱變成稍熱的水; 因而吸收冷凝器內冷媒的熱能，使來自壓縮機的高壓高溫冷媒蒸汽可完全冷卻成稍微低溫的高壓液體，此高壓液體冷媒經過膨脹閥時產生的低壓低溫飽和液汽混合冷媒中會有較多量液態冷煤去蒸發吸熱，因此會有較佳的冷凍效果。本研究製作之「外加不連續噴水系統」安裝於一堪用之分離式冷氣機的冷凝器外表面上方，並將含有凝結器和「外加不連續噴水系統」的室外機放置在以人工製造高溫環境內分別在37℃、45℃及50℃作噴水與不噴水之空調效果實驗，發覺噴水後可使冷凝器和蒸發器的飽和壓力和溫度同時降低，而且冷氣機的出風會較冷和性能係數COP較高。由此證明「外加不連續噴水系統」可應用於夏天溫度特別高的地區，使該地區人們在很高溫熱天仍能享受冷氣，同時又兼顧節省能源之目的。此外由裝置噴出的霧化水也可順便清洗凝結器上積存之灰塵而增加散熱效果。如能將「外加不連續噴水系統」使用於可收集由凝結器表面流出的廢水作灌溉用途的場所，則此創意設計更符合水資源充分利用的環保概念。

關鍵字

熱帶地區；噴水系統；性能係數；凝結器；冷氣機

並列摘要

One of the main reasons why the outlet air form an air-conditioner is not cool enough in hot days is caused by extraordinarily high ambient temperature. Because the temperature difference between the condenser and ambient temperatures is not large enough to let the heat release from condenser, which is essential for condensing the compressed high pressure and temperature coolant vapor from compressor into high pressure and lower temperature coolant liquid thoroughly at the end of condenser, it results in the occurrence of the so called “flash phenomenon”. When high pressure saturated vapor and liquid pass through an expansive valve or capillary, the higher temperature mixture becomes less proportion in liquid compared with normal condition. The high temperature and less quantity liquid mixture will not generate enough cooling effect owing to its less capability to absorb less heat when vaporize. This results in the outlet air from air-conditioner not being cool enough. In order to solve above problem, an “additional non-successive spray-water system” (obtained ROC creative patent with No. 198598) is invented. This is constructed with a supply water tube device, quarter magnetic valves, spray-water tubes, nozzles, and a control unit. This system is then installed at the condenser surface of a separated-type air-conditioner; and it is so designed that the spray-water system works automatically when the ambient temperature is higher than some preset temperature (for instance, 35℃). When the system is on, non-successive water is sprayed from a set of nozzles onto the hot condenser surface. Then part of the sprayed water becomes vaporized vapor and part of it becomes hotter water; both act to absorb heat from the inside hot coolant. As a result, the high pressure and high temperature coolant vapor from compressor condenses into high pressure and lower temperature coolant liquid thoroughly at the end of condenser. When the high pressure coolant liquid passes through the expansive valve or capillary, it become more proportion in liquid and is capable of absorbing more heat to generate more cooling effect. The “additional non-successive spray-water system” fabricated by this research team is installed at the condenser surface of a still-working separated-type air-conditioner. The outdoor machine including “additional non-successive spray-water system” is set in an artificial environment with 37℃, 45℃and 50℃ during experiment. It is found that both the saturated temperatures and pressures of condenser and evaporator are reduced simultaneously in spray-water situations compared with non-spray-water situations. As a result, cooler outlet air from air-conditioner and better COP are obtained in spray-water situations. Therefore, people can still enjoy air-conditioning in very hot days, and in the meantime, energy saving can be achieved. Additionally, the sprayed water system can clean out the dirt from the condenser and retain better heat-releasing effect. If this system is apply to places with the use of the waste water collected from condenser, it makes this creative design satisfying the environmental protect concept of no wasting water resource.