- 學位論文
以上流式厭氣污泥床(UASB)提升染整廢水處理成效之研究
Improving Efficiency of Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) Process
摘要
染整業為製程複雜，專業技術密集之傳統產業，其製程廢水排放量大且具有高濃度變化負荷等特性，對於環境影響有著嚴重衝擊與威脅。近年來，由於合成漿料、染色助劑等多樣性物料之研發，更增加廢水處理系統之負荷與處理難度。業者常為廢水處理設備成效不佳或因無法籌建高效能處理設備問題困擾，間接形成產業發展之障礙。為使染整廢水處理成效提升，並在投資經費有限與現地發展侷促等條件下，利用既有廢水處理設備，發展「模組式」單元串聯處理技術，為改善製程污染與提升設備處理成效之可行性方案。 本研究目的為結合傳統既有處理單元與高級處理設備之效率，導入上流式厭氣污泥床（Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed, UASB），以其體積小、容積負荷率高、有機物去除率佳、操作成本低廉等優勢特性，組合厭氧－物化方式處理染整製程廢水，探討廢水處理成效提升與效益分析，作為投資改善評估之決策參考。本研究以UASB處理單元作為化學混凝之前置處理設備，先行將生物可分解之COD、VSS等物質去除，COD去除率為68~95％，SS去除率為80％，由於已有效降低後續化學混凝處理之比重，UASB與化學混凝串聯處理之總COD去除率可提高至90％以上，放流水COD濃度為91~137 mg/L。除符合現行放流水排放標準外，並可達到廢污水處理費用COD 70％及SS 81％之減徵成效。本研究結果顯示，此方法可達到提升染整廢水處理成效及降低污染成本費用之目的。
並列摘要
The dyeing industry is a complicated process, intensive and professional technology. With characteristics of large wastewater discharge and high concentration of pollution, the impact on the environment is obvious and serious. In the past decades, the research and development of synthetic pulps and dyeing assistants result in the challenge of wastewater treatment. The problems of un-efficient treatment and high cost of wastewater treatment always bother the industrial development. One of the alternatives to resolve the problem is to develop the module of series process for improving the efficiency and lowering the pollution loads. In this study, we combine the traditional process and advanced treatment process, called as upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) with the advantages of smaller volume, highly loading, better removals of pollution, and lower treatment cost. The anaerobic and physic-chemical process is used to investigate the improvement of wastewater treatment and the analysis of cost and benefit. The UASB is set in the front of the process of chemical coagulation (reduce the loading) to remove the biodegradable materials, for example, the removal rate of COD is 68~95% and SS 80%. Therefore, the total removal rate of COD is attached 90% and the effluent of COD is 91~137 mg/L. This is not only in line with the standard, but also saves the fee of wastewater discharge with COD removal rate of 70% and SS 81%. The result is achieved the goals of improving the efficiency of dyeing wastewater treatment and reducing the cost of pollution prevention.