A320飛機大型定期維護成本分析

對於航空公司而言，透過有效的管理航空器維護，在滿足飛機的安全保障的同時，更可以降低營運成本。在維護成本的架構方面，由於停機線維護的費用項目及運作模式較為單純，而發動機、附件修護成本操之在維修廠商或原製造廠，能壓縮成本的空間不大，所以本研究以探討大型定期維護的成本架構為主。本研究的對象，選擇目前中、短航程中最暢銷且經濟實惠的窄體客機－AIRBUS A320機型飛機，在研究方式上，涵蓋飛機的全壽命週期，從「各項工作類別維護成本的變化」、「各次大型定期維護成本的變化」、和「平均飛行小時維護成本」三個方面來進行分析，並針對「自建修護能量」和「維護外包」兩種不同運作模式的差異，作敏感度分析，以明瞭其成本特性。研究結果顯示，非例行性修護比例隨著機齡逐漸老舊，所佔總成本比例逐年增加，甚至高於例行性維護費用，依據分析結果，在執行第二循環大型定期維護所支出的維護成本比第一循環高出58％；在各項支出項目中，工時成本佔維護成本的比重最大，在自行維護的模式下，約佔60%，在委外修護的模式下，更大幅增加為80%；由於委外修護的工時費率遠高於自建修護能量的模式，委由區域型維修廠執行大型定期維護，比自行維護的成本約高出94％，委由大型FAA/EASA合格維修廠，約高出125％；若委託歐洲地區大型維修廠，更高出157％；換算成每飛行小時的維護成本，自建修護能量的模式，平均每飛行小時的維護成本約為67美元；委外修護的模式，則介於130-171美元。採用自行維護的運作模式，比委外修護有明顯的成本優勢。

關鍵字

AIRBUS A320 ； C-Check ；大型定期維護；維護成本

並列摘要

For the airlines, through effective management of aircraft maintenance,not only to meet the security of the aircraft, but also reduce operating cost.In the maintenance cost of structural terms,due to the maintenance cost of Line Maintenance and operation model is simple. And the maintenance cost of Engine and Heavy component are operation in MRO or OEM, so it can reduce cost little space.Therefore, this study to focus on investigates the maintenance cost of Heavy maintenance. The projects overall focused onAIRBUS A320 model aircraft. It is narrow-body aircraft of short range, affordable and best-selling.The methodology aimed ataddressing the life-cycle of the aircraft in the following three aspects. Firstly, changes in the each inspection of heavy maintenance cost. Secondly, the total cost difference with respect to every heavy maintenance visit. Thirdly, the average flight hour cost on heavy maintenance.And for the " In-Housing " and " Outsourcing Maintenance " deviations of two types of operation and sensitivity analysis are also evaluated, to understand the properties of maintenance cost. The results showed that the proportion of Non-Routine Maintenance with aircraft age gradually. It causes that increase the proportion of the total cost, even higher than Routine Inspections. And based on the analysis results, the second base cycle of heavy maintenance cost incurred 58% higher than the firstbase cycle. On items of expenditure, Man-Hour cost accounted for the largest proportion, under the Self-Maintenance mode, accounting for about 60%, but in the Outsourcing Maintenance mode, accounting for about 80%. Commission to perform heavy maintenance by the MRO of regional type, the maintenance cost approximately 94% higher than Self-Maintenance mode. And commission to perform heavy maintenance by the MRO of FAA/EASA certificated, the maintenance cost approximately 125% higher than Self-Maintenance mode. Finally, commission to perform heavy maintenance by the MRO of Europe, the maintenance cost approximately 157% higher than Self-Maintenance mode. Converted into maintenance cost per flight hour, the average maintenance cost per flight hour is about 67 USD$ on Self-Maintenance mode. And Outsourcing Maintenance mode, the range of the average maintenance cost per flight hour is about 130-171 USD$. Therefore, using operation of Self-Maintenance mode, there is significant maintenance cost advantage over Outsourcing Maintenance mode.