自動撒水系統水力分析驗證比較之研究－以某一商場及高層集合住宅為例

臺灣商場邁向國際化發展，商品種類多元，內部火載量高。若發生火災，於消防搶救及避難逃生上較一般建築物困難。在大型商場中，自動撒水設備在火災防護中扮演重要腳色。在世界各國也有成功滅火的案例，故被世界各國消防機關與保險界公認為較可靠的滅火設備。臺灣的自動撒水滅火設備規範源主要源自日本之規範，在設計階段，不論是設計理念、流程、計算公式與參數上與美國或中國大陸有所不同。且現今歐、美各國在設計上多採取電腦軟體水力計算，透過工程學理開發出的電腦模擬軟體計算設計，而臺灣現今仍多以手算為主，與歐美各國有相當的不同。本研究主要以商場模型為例，運用KYPIPE電腦水力計算軟體及手算結果加以模擬比較，再以美式商場及高層集合住宅實際的設計案例以水力計算軟體模擬分析。在手算方式中主要分為管徑規格計算與水力計算法，在本研究結果中美國管徑規格法計算結果相較水力計算或臺灣法規，不論是出水量及揚程大相當多，但無法達到依法換算之撒水密度。而水力計算法中，美國與中國相似，惟中國大陸規範中係採用舍维列夫公式，與美國採用海真-威廉斯公式不同，在本研究計算結果，中國之幫浦能量要求較美國大。而臺灣手算結果與水力計算軟體模擬之最低需求量相當。此外，以電腦水力計算軟體模擬設計出的幫浦，其基本要求相較水力計算法手算設計出的幫浦要求低。本研究再以樹狀、網狀與環狀加以比較。在相同幫浦設定、撒水頭間距及管徑條件下，不論是放水量或放射壓力等供水性能皆為網狀最優；環狀次之；樹狀最弱，進而造成撒水密度提升。若維持相同撒水頭間距及撒水密度，網狀與環狀則可採用較小規格之幫浦。在實際的設計例中，美式商場原以臺灣法規方法設計，未能達到設計者的要求，而自行加大幫浦能力。而高層集合住宅在15顆撒水頭同時放水時，最末端未能達到法規要求。本研究建議未來可參考美國設計方法，以及多運用網狀或環狀管路配置模式提供較優供水性能，並多利用電腦水力計算模擬分析放水時各種狀況，以提高系統的可靠度，與國際接軌。

關鍵字

自動撒水系統；水力分析；法規比較

並列摘要

Taiwan shopping malls into the international development of various types of goods, the internal fire load high. In the event of a fire, it is more difficult to escape than the general building in fire rescue and evacuation. In large shopping malls, automatic sprinkler equipment in the fire protection plays an important role. In the world have a successful case of firefighting, it is the world's fire authorities and the insurance sector recognized as a more reliable firefighting equipment. Taiwan's automatic sprinkler system specification source mainly from the Japanese norms, in the design, whether it is the design concept, process, calculation formula and parameters with the United States or mainland China is different. Taiwan regulations, not only in the design of a simplified situation, and does not meet the principles of engineering calculations. Designers in the planning stage of the provisions of the rules and regulations of the design, the lack of design rules, resulting in practice often face as a legitimate but unreasonable problem. Today, Europe and the United States in the design of computer software to take more hydraulic calculations, through the engineering development of computer simulation software, and Taiwan's design methods and processes are different. This study mainly takes the shopping mall model as an example, uses the software of KYPIPE computer to calculate and compares the result of hand calculation, and then uses the actual design case of American shopping malls and high-rise residential buildings to simulate with hydraulic calculation software. In the calculation method, there are mainly pipe size calculation and hydraulic calculation method. In the results of this study, the calculation results of the American pipe size method are quite different from hydraulic calculation or Taiwan law, Calculated according to the law of the sprinkler density. However, in the hydraulic calculation method, the United States is similar to China. However, the Chinese standard system adopts the Shervieve formula (Ф • A • ЩевеЛев), which is different from the United States using the Haven-Williams formula. In the calculation results of this study, Pump energy requirements than the United States. The result of hand calculations in Taiwan is equivalent to the minimum demand for simulation of hydraulic calculation software. In addition, the simulation of computer software to simulate the pump, the basic requirements of hydraulic calculations compared to manual design of the pump low. This study is then compared with tree, mesh and ring. In the same pump set, the distance between the head and the diameter of the pipe, regardless of the amount of water or radiation pressure and other water supply are the best mesh; ring followed; tree the weakest, resulting in increased water density. If you maintain the same sprinkler head spacing and water density, mesh and ring can be used smaller size of the pump. In the actual design example, the original US shopping malls to Taiwan's regulatory approach to design, failed to meet the designer's request, but to increase the ability to pump. The high-rise residential building in the spread of 15 sprinklers at the same time, the end failed to meet the regulatory requirements. This study suggests that the future may refer to the design method of the United States, as well as the use of more network or ring pipeline configuration mode to provide better water performance, and more use of computer hydraulic simulation to simulate various conditions of water release to improve system reliability, and international Connect.