- 學位論文
演唱突升高音時的母音共振峰重組現象
Formant reconstruction under sudden pitch raise in singing: A case in untrained singers
摘要
專業歌手在演唱到高音時，常壓抑喉頭的上抬現象來維持住音段(子母音)的音質。此研究從聲學的角度，探索非專業歌手在喉頭上抬的情況下歌唱時，不同高度 (vowel height) 的母音共振峰重組的情形。實驗將帶有高母音與低母音的目標字放入以下的無意義句中：「快來快來 ＿ 一波」，並配合音高走勢為“C4E4G4E4___D4D4” （以男性受試者的刺激項為示範）的旋律，再藉由改變空格中的音高，設計出四種演唱情境：1. 平順情境（目標字及後兩字皆為D4）2. 突升情境（目標字及後兩字皆為D5）3. 全高情境（整句歌詞皆皆為D5）4. 單一情境（只演唱目標字及後兩字，音高皆為D5）。十八位無專業演唱訓練的受試者將演唱並被錄音，語音分析軟體 Praat 將用來觀察目標字的共振峰並進一步做長時間平均頻譜分析以及共振峰分析。實驗結果顯示，相較於平順情境，高音的演唱情境（突升、全高、單一情境）的確會導致共振峰的重組，其中又以突升情境的重組特別顯著。再者，高母音比低母音更加容易受到影響，其在這些演唱情境下顯示了更大程度的重組現象。此研究為歌唱中音高與咬字之間的交互關係提供了聲學上的 證據。
並列摘要
Professional singers are trained to maintain vocal configuration by suppressing laryngeal elevation when singing high notes. The present study investigates the organization of vocal filter in sudden pitch raise condition by examining the corresponding acoustic correlates. More specifically, we are interested in whether this phenomenon may have differential effect on vowels with different height. In the experiment, high and low vowels were embedded in a nonsense Mandarin carrier sentence “kuai-lai-kuai-lai ＿＿ yi-po” with C4E4G4E4___D4D4 pitch contour (male participants as example). Eighteen amateur singers were recorded singing the sentence in four melodic conditions with the pitch intervals between the preceding syllable /lai/ to target word manipulated. The conditions are Micro (E4 to D4), Macro (E4 to D5), all High (every word sung in D5) and Null (only the last three words sung in D5-D5D5 contour). Long-term average spectrum analysis and formant analysis were made. The results show that high pitch singing (Macro, High, and Null) indeed induces formant reconstruction when compared to Micro and the effect is markedly stronger in Macro. Furthermore, the high vowel is more susceptible than the low vowel and undergoes greater degree of formant reconstruction. The results provide acoustic grounding for the possible interplay between diction and pitch contour.