- 學位論文
從商務調解契約效力之實踐論我國調解法制之促進
The Enforceability of Mediation Agreement for Commercial Disputes – Practices and a Reflection on Taiwan’s Legal Context
摘要
調解作為一國際商務紛爭解決的手段，近年來逐漸受到國際社會的重視，在實踐上，有越來越多國家設置專門調解機構及調解規則等，讓私人可以自由選擇透過機構進行調解，並由雙方當事人合意選任調解人進行調解，調解成立所做的和解協議（Mediated Settlement Agreement），對紛爭當事人有拘束力。 調解在學理上可分為促進式調解（Facilitative Mediation）、評價式調解（Evaluative Mediation）及轉變式調解（Transformative Mediation）等調解模式，係由調解人利用不同調解技巧，引導各方當事人創造有效、可執行、且雙方當事人均能接受的解決方案的一種訴訟外紛爭解決機制（Alternative Dispute Resolution, ADR），然而調解因高度仰賴當事人的協力，若不存在有效且具有執行力之調解契約，調解制度難以充分發揮其機能。 各國就商務調解契約的效力迭有不同規範，本文以美國、英國、澳洲、新加坡等普通法系國家判例法中，針對調解契約效力如何認定此一爭點之見解為分析，說明國際商務調解契約之執行力。上開國家不僅是商務調解制度發展較為成熟的國家，亦為我國經貿往來頻繁之重要國家。本文並佐以國內法院之判決分析，嘗試提出具執行力之調解契約之通性，並試圖透過案例研析，提出對我國調解法制促進之具體建言。
並列摘要
Mediation as a means of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) has gained more popularity than ever in the international community in recent years. In practice, the number of national and international mediation centers and mediation rules has increased for private bodies to freely choose to initiate institution mediation. Parties involved in such mediation can choose their own mediators and the mediated settlement agreement would be binding upon the parties. In theory, there are two styles of mediation, namely facilitative mediation and evaluative mediation, whereby mediators will apply different mediation techniques to assist the parties in creating valid, enforceable, and acceptable resolutions between disputants. However, given the flexible and voluntary nature of mediation procedures, without the existence of a valid and enforceable mediation agreement, the mediation proceeding cannot be initiated properly. Different countries adopt different interpretation towards the validity and enforceability of mediation agreements. This paper examines cases from the common law countries including United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Singapore, which are the countries that have relatively developed mediation practices and are the frequent business partners with Taiwan, on the issue of enforceability of mediation agreements in commercial disputes, while comparing the same with domestic cases. This paper aims to propose on the restructuring of the legal context for mediation in Taiwan based on the above findings.