- 學位論文
因應外部經營環境調整之海運代理行績效評估模式
Performance Evaluation of Liner Agents with Adjustments for External Factors
摘要
全球進出口貿易頻繁，貨物運輸主要以海上運輸為主。而在實務運作上，海運公司大多委託世界各地的船務代理為代為辦理相關事宜。而船務代理是海運公司與貨主間之溝通橋樑，攸關海運服務品質與承攬業務量，其重要性不言而喻。因此，為確保各家船務代理之運作績效，海運公司通常會定期進行船務代理公司之績效評估，以作為是否續約之依據。惟一般船務代理公司之績效大多係以承攬貨量及運費收入高低作為主要之評估準則。此固然與船務代理公司之攬貨能力有關，但也受當地經濟活動強度影響甚鉅。因此，若未考量外部環境因素，可能獲致錯誤之績效評估結果。 基此，本研究乃以個案研究海運公司之船務代理公司績效評估結果為依據，研析當地經濟因素、航線服務投入，以及經營條件對代理行績效之影響，俾能將外部環境條件之影響因素予以平準調整後，以獲致更能反應代理行實際能力之績效評估結果，並作為代理行管理未來績效評估架構改善的建議。 本研究蒐集2017年船務代理公司之績效評估結果以及14項潛在影響因素，利用逐步迴歸之向後選擇法，篩選影響績效評估結果之因素。模式推估結果顯示，共有4個正向顯著變數，分別是出口成長率、航線數、是否為子公司，以及臺灣對該國之進口總額等，而這些外部因素均非代理行可以管理控制項目，顯示未能考量外部因素之績效評估結果，極可能會誤判代理行的實際營運績效。依據此一迴歸結果，本研究也提出現行績效評估方法之平準調整方式，以供個案研究公司參考。
並列摘要
The maritime industry plays an influential role in the international trade. In practice, shipping companies usually authorize local shipping agents to serve as a bridge between shipping companies and shippers. The importance of role of shipping agents is self-explained. Consequently, in order to ensure the service quality and quantity of these agents, shipping companies usually conduct evaluation on shipping agents periodically. However, the commonly adopted evaluation criteria are their contribution to shipping volume and revenue, which would be determined not only by their performance but also by the economic intensity of local countries. Without deflating the effects of external factors, the performance evaluation of shipping agents might be rather misleading. Based on this, this study collected recent performance evaluation results on shipping agents of the study shipping company as well as 14 potential internal and external factors in 2017. Stepwise regression model with a backward selection method was used to select significant factors. The estimation results show that four variables, including the growth rate of exports, the number of shipping routes, subsidiary company or not, and the amount of Taiwan imported from the local country, have significantly positive effect on shipping agent’s performance and obviously, are not under control of shipping agents, suggesting without deflating the effects of these four external factors, the performance evaluation would be misleading. According to the estimated regression model, the adjusted performance evaluation is then proposed.