- 學位論文
不同濾水器過濾水對高低油脂飲食小鼠健康之影響
Health impacts of drinking water produced by different filters on mice with high- and low-fat dietary patterns
摘要
自來水中殘存之顆粒與各項離子，除會影響適飲性，更有危害健康疑慮，多數家庭為保障用水安全會自行加裝家用濾水器。市售家用濾水器種類繁多，依功能性可分為去除異味及雜質(活性碳濾水器)、去除水中顆粒性物質(UF濾水器)、減少水中特定離子(離子交換樹脂濾水器)、去除水中顆粒與離子(RO濾水器)，使得過濾水水質不盡相同。飲食習慣亦是影響健康之重要因素，現代人的高油飲食習慣造成肥胖機率上升，進而提高罹患眾多疾病風險。因實驗小鼠為哺乳動物，其生理型態與器官功能、結構均與人類類似，且體型小易於操作。故本研究為探討飲食型態對健康之影響，選用實驗小鼠做為測試目標，藉由提供高(high-fat, HF)、低油脂(low-fat, LF)飼料，搭配不同家用濾水器過濾水探討小鼠之健康狀態。 為模擬不同家用濾水器過濾水，試驗水樣將添加不同濃度顆粒及硬度離子進行配製，依其水質可分為不含濁度(0 NTU)之硬度為300mg/L as CaCO3的模擬自來水(0+300)、模擬RO過濾水(0+0)、模擬UF過濾水(0+30)、模擬IE過濾水(10+0)、模擬含顆粒之軟水(10+30)及模擬之含顆粒硬水(10+300)，並將上述水樣搭配LF及HF進行小鼠暴露試驗。結果顯示HF小鼠之體重較LF重，且飲水量較少。LF-0+0及HF-0+300之小鼠，生理反應及目標器官功能受影響程度有較少的傾向；LF-10+0及HF-10+0小鼠之目標器官功能則顯著受到影響。含顆粒之模擬過濾水會降低小鼠的健康程度，而水中硬度離子有降低顆粒對小鼠健康影響的趨勢。因此，若飲用水中含有顆粒，添加鈣、鎂離子可降低高低油飲食對降低對健康的危害。低油飲食習慣下，建議可飲用RO過濾水；高油飲食下則建議飲用自來水，降低飲食習慣對康效應的負面影響。
並列摘要
The residual particles and ions in the tap water have been reported to cause damages to human health. Therefore, most water users have installed household water filters to ensure the safety of water. There are various kinds of commercially household water filters, such as activated carbon (AC), ultra filtration (UF), ion exchange resin (IE), and reverse osmosis (RO) filters. In general, AC filter is used to remove odor and impurities, while UF filter is frequently applied to effectively remove the particulate matter. On the other hand, IE filter is used to eliminate specific ions; additionally, RO filter is used to remove particles and ions in water. The diversity of filter approach results in the variations in the quality of the filtered water. Besides, dietary behavior is other crucial criteria that directly affects human health. High-fat dietary easily results in human obesity and thus increases the risk of getting various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary behaviors with high- (HF) and low-fat (LF) feeds coupled with various drinking water types on the health of mice. Laboratory mice was selected as experimental subject, as they are mammals, and their physiological types, organ functions, and structures are similar to humans. Water samples were prepared to stimulate different treated water after household filters by adding differently concentrations of particulates and hardness. Water samples can be divided into simulated tap water with no turbidity (0 NTU) and hardness of 300 mg/L as CaCO3, simulated RO filtered water (0+0), simulated UF filtered water (0+30), simulated IE filtered water (10+0), simulated soft water with particle (10+30), and simulated hard water with particle (10+300). All of the water samples were used to feed the mice by coupling with LF and HF feed. The result shows that the mice fed with HF drank less water and were heavier than that of LF mice. With LF-0+0 and HF-0+300, the physiological response and target organ function of mice were less affected. However, the organ function was significantly damaged when mice exposed to LF-10+0 and HF-10+0. In addition, the presence of particles in the simulated filtered water resulted in the negative effect on the health of mice. Interestingly, such adverse effects could be eliminated when hardness ions existed in the water. Therefore, if particles exist in drinking water, the addition of calcium and magnesium ions could reduce the risk of health damage for both HF and LF dietary. And, it is recommended that clean water is suitable for those people who are under low-fat diets, while tap water is for those under high-fat diets.