安全變更管理系統化風險評估之研究-以電雷管製程之設計為例

安全文化觀念建立是職業安全衛生管理之目標，也是職業安全衛生法之宗旨之一，人因為「生物之本能」在熟悉作業及環境下容易疏忽犯錯，尤其在作業變更情況下，因「認知」上的差異導致意外產生，歷史上有許多重大工安事件肇因也是變更時缺乏風險評估而產生，所以安全變更管理極為重要。本研究為首篇火工品製程安全變更管理之風險評估探討，並對變更管理之風險評估方法做出「系統化」之定義；主旨是將作業人員隔離電雷管製程可能產生之爆炸風險，將原人工式電雷管製程變更為自動化製程，並於製程變更前之設計階段，實施系統化風險評估，運用「法規符合度檢核」及「危害鑑別與風險評估」評估方法對系統設備、操作環境及步驟實施風險評估，評估後風險較高之危害再以「失誤樹分析法」分析危害之根本原因，另針對製程中危害程度較高之設備單元實施「火藥安全性驗證」，再依據「系統化風險評估」之結果，對製程設計單位提供「系統設備安全性」、「作業環境控管」、「行政管理」及「火藥安全性」等安全設計建議，使電雷管自動化製程系統符合本質較安全設計，達到職安法變更管理要求並消除製程之風險，為火工品製程產業建立良好安全文化觀念。

關鍵字

電雷管；變更管理；系統化風險評估；失誤樹分析法；火藥安全性驗證

並列摘要

The establishment of safety culture concept is the goal of occupational safety and health management and also the purpose of Occupational Safety and Health Law. Because "biological instinct" is easy to make mistakes in familiarity with the work and environment, especially in the case of job changes, there are many major safety incidents in history due to the difference in "cognition". As a result of evaluation, safety management of change is extremely important. This study explores the importance of change management for the first part of the process safety of pyrotechnics in order to eliminate the hazard to personnel caused by the explosion of the electric control program. Implement change management before the electric mine control process is changed to the automated process system process, implement change management in a systematic method to conduct risk assessment, this system’s operating environment and procedures are subjected to hazard identification and risk assessment, and regulatory compliance checks, hazards with higher risk after assessment are analyzed using the Fault-Tree Analysis. To verify the safety of explosives with a high degree of damage to the process, confirm the safety of the automation system in order to comply with the occupational safety law change management requirements and eliminate the risk of the process, establish a good safety cultural for the electric detonator industry, and make good use of corporate social responsibility.