儲備幹部制度與實務對職涯成功之影響 －以台灣金融業為例

自1977年花旗（台灣）將儲備主管計畫（Management Associate, MA）導入台灣，至今已實施超過40年，不僅培育了許多優秀人才在國內金融圈開枝散葉，更帶動台灣金融圈對人才培育的重視。目前台灣金融服務業中，已有超過20家以上的企業實施MA計畫，每年各大企業收到的應試履歷與招募人數相比亦十分懸殊，金融業MA儼然成為新鮮人熱門的求職目標。而本文旨在了解儲備幹部計畫之制度與實務的概況，及其對核心能力與職涯成功之影響，及核心能力對職涯成功是否具有正向影響。　　本文以曾完整參與台灣金融業儲備幹部（MA）計畫者為研究對象，將儲備幹部計畫之制度與實務分成：訓練（新人訓練、專業知識訓練、工作技能之相關訓練）、輪調（單位日常業務、專案任務、見習）、輔導（人資人員、MA學長姐、部門主管、中高階經理人）、評核（書面報告、口頭報告、內部專業考試、證照取得、團體活動）四大制度進行討論，發現（1）以本文之問卷樣本統計，目前台灣金融業在儲備幹部計畫整體的規劃上其實差異不大；（2）儲備幹部計畫之制度與實務中對核心能力具有正向影響的涵括「以專案任務為輪調之工作內容、由部門主管擔任輔導者、透過口頭報告及團體活動之方式進行評核」四種；而對職涯成功具有正向影響的則是「由部門主管及中高階經理人擔任輔導者」兩種；此外，核心能力在部門主管和團體活動對職涯成功之影響具完全中介效果（3）核心能力對職涯成功有顯著正向影響。　　於企業而言，可參考本文之研究結果，針對儲備幹部計畫制度與實務之安排與設計進行調整及優化；於求職者而言，核心能力才是影響職涯成功之重要關鍵。

關鍵字

儲備幹部；核心能力；職涯成功

並列摘要

Management associate program has been enforced for over 40 years since Citi bank first introduced the system into Taiwan in 1977. The program not only cultivates numerous outstanding managers for the financial industry but also raises the importance of talent cultivation. At present, more than 20 financial institutions have implemented the system, which makes management associate becomes the most popular position for graduates that receive exceeding resumes than demand every year. The article aims to understand whether the training and the system of management associates have a positive influence on the competency and the success of a career, also if competency can affect career success positively. 　　This article takes people who had completed the management associate program in Taiwan as objects of study, and separate the system and practice into four dimensions: training (new employee orientation, professional training, working skills training), rotation (daily routine, project, trainee), counseling (human resource department, senior management associate, department head, senior manager) and assessment (written report, oral report, internal professional examination, certificate, teamwork) to discuss. Results show that (1) according to the questionnaires, systems of management associate in the Taiwanese financial industry are similar; (2) taking projects as the working content of rotation, assigning department heads as coach and assessing through presentation and teamwork are four items that influence competency positively; assigning department heads or senior managers as coaches are two items that affect positively to career success. Furthermore, competency has full meditation effect between both assigning department heads as coaches and assessing through teamwork and career success; (3) competency has significant positive influence on career success. 　　In summary, a corporation can optimize the management associate program according to the research; for candidates, enhance competency is critical for career success.