- 學位論文
馬修‧路易斯《僧侶》中的反天主教意識型態和反父權意識型態
Anti-Catholic Ideology and Anti-patriarchal Ideology in Matthew G. Lewis’s The Monk
摘要
志異小說在傳統上常被認為是一種結合恐怖和浪漫元素的文學類型。當讀者在閱讀志異小說時，他(她)預期會讀到像惡魔、英雄、女英雄、惡棍、強盜等角色，或者某些超自然事件。受封為志異小說的名著，馬修‧路易斯的《僧侶》一直被認為是一部充滿超自然、血腥暴力、情色裸露以及巫術的一部小說。但是，除了這些志異特徵之外，事實上某些意識型態深埋於小說之中。主角Ambrosio 的墮落過程和行為顯示出反天主教的意識型態，而小說中三位女性性別行為的踰越，以及她們復仇性的暴力，充分地展示了反父權的意識型態，顯現出這些意識型態的確貫穿於小說中的虛構社會當中。本論文第一章探討文學術語志異(Gothic)的主要定義、志異小說、和馬修‧路易斯的《僧侶》。第二章討論意識型態、壓制性國家機器和意識形態國家機器三者如何在小說當中運轉。第三章說明宗教如何做為意識型態來發揮它的影響力。相對地，透過主角Ambrosio, 女修道院院長以及修女們的行為來呈現反天主教的意識型態。第四章探索小說中三位女性的性別行為踰越以及復仇性的暴力，來展示反父權意識形態的強大力量。從主角修道院院長Ambrosio 的墮落到其他角色的叛逆行為，讀者可以更深層地探索小說中隱藏的意識形態，而不只是看見傳統志異小說中表面所描述的粗鄙的暴力、露骨的淫亂情節、或者超自然的靈異現象而已。
並列摘要
The Gothic novel is traditionally considered to be a genre of literature that combines elements of horror and romance. The reader expects to meet characters like demons, villains, bandits, or some supernatural events as s/he reads a Gothic novel. Labeled as a Gothic masterpiece, Matthew G. Lewis’s The Monk has long been regarded as a novel filled with supernatural events, graphic violence, vivid sexuality, and necromancy. In addition to these Gothic attributes, some ideologies in fact are deeply embedded in the novel. Ambrosio’s downfall reveals anti-Catholic ideology while the three female characters’ sexual transgression and revengeful violence demonstrate anti-patriarchal ideology, proving that some ideologies definitely penetrate into the fictional society in the novel. In this thesis, Chapter One focuses on discussion of the term Gothic, the Gothic novel, and Matthew G. Lewis’s The Monk. Chapter Two investigates how Ideology, the Repressive State Apparatus (SA), and the Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) work in the novel. Chapter Three explicates religion as ideology, especially anti-Catholic ideology displayed through the behaviors of Ambrosio, the abbess, and the nuns. Chapter Four explores the sexual transgression and revengeful violence of three women—Matilda, Beatrice, and Marguerite—to demonstrate how powerful anti-patriarchal ideology is. From Ambrosio’s downfall to other rebellious characters’ behaviors, the reader can delve into the embedded ideologies to see another façade which the novel attempts to reveal, aside from barbarous violence, lewd promiscuousness, or supernatural phenomenon of a typical Gothic novel.