- 學位論文
喬伊斯《尤利西斯》裏的低度現代主義之特性
Features of Low Modernism in James Joyce’s Ulysses
摘要
摘要 本論文將探討喬伊斯在《尤利西斯》中是如何呈現低度現代主義(Low Modernism)。 現代主義包含了高度與低度現代主義。 換言之，它無法抹滅或忽略低度現代主義的特性。 職是，本論文將著眼於文本中角色階級、文化、及語言使用，進而探討〈賽壬〉中勞動階級的女酒侍、〈勒斯特里岡尼亞人〉中日常生活的飲食觀、及〈庫克羅普斯〉中愛爾蘭日常方言的使用。本章企圖以勞動階級女酒侍、飲食觀、和愛爾蘭方言之特性，來填補低度現代主義與一些《尤利西斯》篇章間的空隙。 第一章是定義高度與低度現代主義，並比較兩者間在角色階級、文化、和語言使用的差異處。 第二章是比較西元十九世紀末葉至二十世紀初葉之際的勞動階級之英國與愛爾蘭女酒侍。 本章將以三個層面進行剖析，第一層面係英國女酒侍的出現比愛爾蘭還早。 第二層面係當時英國女酒侍的工作人數遠多於愛爾蘭，且女酒侍是新興產業的一種。 第三層面係分析〈賽壬〉中女酒侍們的衣著形式、職責、工作條件、工時、薪資、與客人互動等。 第三章是探討低文化與利奧波德•布盧姆的日常生活飲食之關聯。 本篇章將聚焦於他的飲食取捨、飲食準則、混雜認同、葷食隱喻等。 於該文本中，雖然布盧姆的飲食準則受限於猶太食律和素食主義，但他仍違反不能買豬肉的猶太食律，所以布盧姆的飲食取捨是與他的混雜認同有關。 另外，葷食隱喻更呼應布盧姆的恐懼、厭性、及莫莉的偷情。 第四章是探討在〈庫克羅普斯〉中，如何使用和表現愛爾蘭方言？ 愛爾蘭方言是展現其獨特性或富有其地方色彩，同時它也是高度現代主義者不會使用和未知的語言。 本章將分析敘事者與市民是如何呈現愛爾蘭方言，也檢視喬伊斯所使用的英文俚語是一種低俗的語言。 是故，喬伊斯在〈庫克羅普斯〉中，使用許多愛爾蘭方言，藉以暗示愛爾蘭方言的多樣性。
並列摘要
Abstract This thesis explores features of low Modernism in Ulysses. Modernism includes high and low modernism, so it cannot avoid its low elements. This thesis examines features of low modernism demonstrated in the working class of barmaids in “Sirens,” food consumption in “Lestrygonians,” and the use of Irish local languages in “Cyclops.” Chapter two compares British and Irish barmaids from the late-nineteenth century to the turn of the twentieth century. This chapter is divided into three sections. First, British barmaids appear earlier than Irish barmaids. Second, the number of British barmaids is larger than that of Irish barmaids. Third, barmaid’s dress, duties, job conditions, interactions, wages, and working hours are discussed in “Sirens.” Chapter three scrutinises how low culture is represented in Leopold Bloom’s everyday food eating in “Lestrygonians.” This chapter centres on his food preferences, food rules, hybrid identity, and the metaphor of non-vegetable food. Although Bloom is influenced by Kosher law and vegetarianism, he breaks the law when buying pig’s foot. Thus, Bloom’s food preferences also reveal his hybrid identity. Additionally, the metaphor of non-vegetables reflects Bloom’s asexuality, Molly’s adultery, and his mythical terror. Chapter four analyses the Irish local language in “Cyclops.” The Irish local language shows its local colours that high modernists do not know and use. This chapter scrutinises how the narrator and the Citizen use Hiberno-English dialect and Irish Gaelic words. English slang that Joyce uses is colloquial and belongs to low speeches. Thus, Joyce uses many Irish local languages in “Cyclops” to suggest the diversities of the Irish local languages.