漂留-琉球嶼海歸青年環境守護敘說

摘要琉球嶼俗稱小琉球目前已發展為台灣的旅遊熱點，吸引著來自臺灣各地的年輕移民。由於經濟發展過熱，島嶼生態的永續性出現問題，面對這些問題，島上在地居民、返鄉和他縣市移居者，正在採取環境守護行動。本研究目的為探究返鄉或移居小琉球青年的背景動機、在地守護的參與及移居後生活態度之轉變，並綜合在地居民之反饋，了解在地的觀察與倡議，並建構移居人口對在地之意義。採參與觀察、敘事研究方法，透過立意取樣，滾雪球方式，邀請13位返鄉及移居青年與11位在地居民參與者，以半結構式研究題綱進行訪談，再以「類別--內容」模式分析之。研究發現：小琉球自然環境與工作機會的拉力，是青年主要移居的動機，亦有人是為了改變生活方式、尋找新的生活目標。在地守護的參與包括環境管理公務執行、政策推動、垃圾減量、減塑生活、並結合外部NPO資源的力量和公部門的重視，同時引領下一代參與活動，讓環境守護展現得以永續性的可能。參與者的觀察與倡議可歸納成環境與資源、環境與管理、開啟合作與對話朝向永續發展三個面向27點的訴求。生活態度的改變包括物質需求慾望降低；養成減塑生活習慣；多聆聽、多溝通、多付出；肯定自我、勇敢嘗試；對環境的變化多關注記錄。移居人口對在地的意義為：引發在地人，重新審視在地自我的認同感，與觀光發展帶來的問題衝擊；來自島嶼外部的思維背景與資源，有助於行事慣習的突破；前移居者扮演與在地溝通的橋樑，縮短後移居者與在地之磨合時間；移居者與在地實踐者合作，開啟雙方的溝通，產生聚合的力量；移居者對環境變化的敏銳，配合在地對環境的熟悉，可以規劃未來緩解觀光衝突的解方；移居者與在地串聯，組成民間ＮＧＯ組織，更能與公部門對話，提供協助或參與政策討論與倡議，是改革最佳的動力。結論：人力資源攸關地方發展的方向與能量，移居人口的進駐，若能融入地方，為地方帶來建設性的滾動，便能創造出一種新的地方依附關係，凝聚成地方發展的最大能量。小琉球海歸青年和在地實踐者已開啟對話，並協力合作推行一連守護行動及共同倡議，這正是SDGs目標中「建立多元的夥伴關係」的成功案例。

關鍵字

琉球嶼；小琉球；敘說；返鄉、移居；減塑；環境守護； SDGs

並列摘要

Liuqiu Island is a touristic island attracting young migrants from all over Taiwan. Given an overheated economic development, questions regarding sustainability of the touristic attractions and the island’s economy arise. Facing these tangible social-environmental problems, young residents on the island are taking actions toward environmental protection. These people are not only local young people but also people coming from other cities. This study aims at investigating Xiao Liuqiu’s returning youth and young migrants’motivations of their move, actions toward environment and changes of attitude after the move. The participants of this narrative research are composed of 13 returning youth and young migrants and 11 residents. The interviews are conducted to discuss their observation toward Xiao Liuqiu’s environmental protection and their demands. The semi-structured interviews are analyzed using the “category-content” method. The study found that the pull of the natural environment and job opportunities in Xiao Liuqiu is the main motivation for young people to migrate, and there are also those who change their lifestyles and find new life goals. The observations and the demands regarding environmental protection can be summarized into three main categories: resources, management, and the willingness to push sustainable development. The actions initiated by nonlocal internal migrants had brought several effects, such as the re-examination of the local community identity, or the questioning of the environmental impact of the touristic development. The findings of the study suggest that the former incoming migrants play the role as the intermediary between the locals and the newcomers. Both are willing to communicate and are open to develop a consensus. Thanks to the sensitivity of the incoming migrants and locals’ life experiences with the environment, both are willing to seek solutions together in case of conflict. Together, they founded an NGO to facilitate the conversation with the public sector, providing help and engaging in political discussions. The study concludes that the human resources are the crucial part for the local development. Once the incoming population gets integrated into the local community, they bring concrete changes and create a new local attachment and bind people together. Returning residents and nonlocal incoming migrants in Xiao Liuqiu have started the dialogue and are able to work together to take actions regarding to the environment. This is a successful case of the SDG “building diverse partnerships".