- 學位論文
以單細胞蛋白質取代飼糧中魚粉對豬隻生長性能與屠體品質之影響
Effect of Dietary Replacement of Fish Meal with Single Cell Protein on Growth Performance and Pork Quality of Pigs
摘要
本研究之目的在探討以單細胞蛋白質（single cell protein, SCP）取代豬隻飼糧中的魚粉對生長性能、屠體性狀與豬肉品質之影響。試驗分三部份進行，試驗一為單細胞蛋白質取代保育豬（9-22 kg）飼糧中的魚粉，分三個飼糧處理：分別為對照組（飼糧含5% 魚粉，FM）、SCP-FM組（2.5% SCP + 2.5% 魚粉），與SCP組（5% SCP），飼養四週。試驗二為單細胞蛋白質取代保育豬（8-22 kg）飼糧中的白魚粉試驗，三個飼糧處理：分別為對照組（飼糧含5%白魚粉，WFM）、SCP-WFM組（2.5% SCP + 2.5%白魚粉）與SCP組（5% SCP），飼養四週。試驗三為單細胞蛋白質取代生長肥育豬（36-110 kg）飼糧中的魚粉，四個飼糧處理：分別為對照組（生長階段含5% 魚粉、肥育階段含2.5% 魚粉）、SCP-FM組（生長及肥育階段以SCP取代一半的魚粉）、SCP組（生長及肥育階段以SCP全部取代魚粉），與單細胞蛋白質減量添加組（生長階段添加2.5% SCP、肥育階段添加1.5% SCP），生長期與肥育期各六週。 試驗一結果顯示，以SCP部份或全部取代保育豬飼糧中的魚粉，各組間的隻日採食量及飼料換肉率沒有顯著差異（P > 0.05），隻日增重與結束體重以SCP-FM組顯著高於魚粉組與SCP組（P < 0.05），而魚粉組與SCP組間生長性能皆無顯著差異。試驗二結果顯示，以SCP部份或完全取代保育豬飼糧中的白魚粉，各組間的隻日增重、結束體重、隻日採食量或飼料換肉率皆無顯著差異。試驗三結果顯示，以SCP部份或完全取代生長豬飼糧中的魚粉或減量添加SCP，各處理組間的生長性能皆無顯著差異；在肥育期，則以SCP-FM、SCP和減量添加組的隻日增重（P < 0.01）及結束體重（P < 0.05）顯著高於魚粉組；飼料換肉率則以SCP組的表現最佳，顯著優於SCP-FM、減量添加和魚粉組（P < 0.05）。然而，各處理組在隻日採食量上無顯著差異。以單細胞蛋白質取代魚粉餵飼生長肥育豬至上市體重，對屠體性狀（背脂厚度、腰眼面積）、豬肉品質（腰眼肉pH值、色澤、保水性和截切力）沒有不良的影響。進一步以電泳分析SCP與魚粉蛋白質分子量，發現SCP的蛋白肽有59.27% 小於14.4 kDa，而魚粉蛋白肽僅16.73% 小於14.4 kDa。 綜合上述結果，顯示SCP可以完全或部分取代飼糧中的魚粉，提升保育豬及生長肥育豬生長性能表現，且不會影響屠體與豬肉品質。SCP蛋白肽的分子量較魚粉小，可能易為豬隻腸道吸收利用。因此，SCP適用於體重8 kg以上豬隻，做為替代魚粉的蛋白質原料，是降低飼糧動物性蛋白質添加的可行方法。
並列摘要
Three trials were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary replacement of fish meal with single cell protein (SCP) on growth performance, carcass traits and pork quality of pigs. For trial 1, the diet supplemented with 5% fish meal (FM), 5% SCP or 2.5% SCP + 2.5% FM was fed to weanling pigs (9-22 kg) for 4 weeks. For trial 2, the diet supplemented with 5% white fish meal (WFM), 5% SCP or 2.5% SCP + 2.5% FM(SCP-WFM) was fed to weanling pigs (8-22 kg) for 4 weeks. For trial 3, growing pigs (36 kg) were randomly allocated into 4 treatments: FM (5% FM in a grower diet, 2.5% FM in a finisher diet)、SCP-FM (replace 50% FM with SCP in the both diets)、SCP (totally replacing FM with SCP in the both diets), or decreased SCP supplement (2.5% SCP in a grower diet, 1.5% SCP in a finisher diet) for 6-week growing phase and 6-week finishing phase. The results from trial 1 indicated that total or partial replacement of FM with SCP did not significantly influence average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (F/G) (P > 0.05). Both average daily gain (ADG) and final body weight of SCP-FM were higher than those of FM and SCP (P < 0.05) with no difference between FM and SCP. The results from trial 2 indicated that total or partial replacement of WFM with SCP had no effect on ADG, final body weight, ADFI or F/G (P > 0.05). Total or partial replacement of FM with SCP did not significantly alter growth performance of growing pigs; however, during finishing phase, ADG (P < 0.01) and final body weight (P < 0.05) of SCP-FM, SCP or decreased SCP supplement were significantly greater than those of FM. The SCP group had the best F/G among treatments, which was significantly (P < 0.05) better than SCP-FM, decreased SCP supplement or FM without changes in ADFI. The replacement of FM with SCP in growing and finishing diets had no detrimental effects on carcass traits (backfat thickness, loin eye area) or pork quality (pH value, color, water-holding capacity and shear force). Further, comparing molecular weight between SCP and FM with SDS-PAGE, SCP had 59.27% peptide less than 14.4 kDa. The peptide less than 14.4 kDa was 16.73% in FM. In conclusion, these results indicate that total and partial replacement of fish meal with SCP can improve growth performance of starter and growing-finishing pigs without negative effects on carcass and pork quality. The peptide of SCP is smaller than that of FM, which may stimulate digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Therefore, SCP is suitable for pigs over 8 kg to replace fish meal as a alternative protein source, resulting in lower animal protein supplementation to swine feed.