東港溪翠鳥(Alcedo atthis) 的繁殖與築巢偏好

Breeding and nest-site preference of common kingfishers (Alcedo atthis) in Donggang River

潘鈺婷(Pan Yu Ting)

指導教授 ： 孫元勳 博士

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/野生動物保育研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2014.00035

摘要

翠鳥(Alcedo atthis)會運用河岸垂直且沒有植被覆蓋的土堤築巢繁殖，但因多數河岸受到工程的影響導致翠鳥可築巢的空間減少，又因台灣對翠鳥的研究不多。因此本研究沿著東港溪設置不同寬度的人造坡面、收集巢位的土壤分析及觀察翠鳥的繁殖。2012年設置10組人造坡面，翠鳥使用2組；2013年設置16組坡面，使用8組。在2013年設置1 m、2 m、3 m不同寬度坡面中，分別有4、3、7個坡面被翠鳥使用，這和前人的觀察中，提到坡面的面積越大越容易有翠鳥築巢。總共收集40個人造土坡的土壤，進行土壤粒徑分析，比較有翠鳥挖掘過的人造坡面(n=10)和沒被翠鳥挖掘的人造坡面(n=30)其土壤粒徑，發現有翠鳥使用的坡面中以1-0.5 mm粒徑的平均重量百分比低於沒被翠鳥使用的坡面(P=0.019)，0.25-0.104 mm的粒徑平均重量百分比在翠鳥有用的坡面高於沒被使用的坡面(P=0.022)，其它土壤粒徑則未達顯著，翠鳥使用的土壤性質以砂質黏壤土和砂質壤土為主，這可能和土壤的排水性及凝聚性具有關係。翠鳥每窩產4-7顆卵，平均窩卵數為5.1 ± 1.5顆(n=16)，孵出幼鳥3-7隻，平均幼鳥數為3.8 ± 2.9隻(n=11)，兩年的繁殖成功率為62.4%。翠鳥孵蛋天數約26天(n=15)，育雛天數約20天(n=12)，幼鳥離巢後，會待在巢洞附近約兩週時間。在未來用於河岸或濕地的經營管理，可為翠鳥或棕沙燕這類需要使用土壤築巢繁殖的鳥類提供繁殖的棲地。

關鍵字

翠鳥 ； 繁殖 ； 人造坡面

並列摘要

The Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) uses vertical and bare banks to reproduce. However, many rivers are devoid of these natural banks due to flood control work, leading to a reduction in the number of available breeding sites. And there is a shortage of kingfisher's research in Taiwan. Hence, this study set the width of the artificial slope along the Donggang River, soil samples are collected to analysis from the artificial slope, and breed of observation. In 2012, 10 artificial slopes were set, 2 of them were used. In 2013, 8 out of 16 artificial slopes were used. In 2013, the highest usage frequency among the 1m, 2m and 3m slopes are the 3 m slope. The usage count are 3m 7 times , 1m 4 times , and 2m 3 times. That confirms the previous observation of the larger the slope area, the higher the reproductive opportunities. The soil samples were collected from 40 artificial slopes. Samples were sieved to analyze the composition of particle size and compare the differences between the slopes with kingfisher nesting (n=10) and the slopes without nesting (n=30). We discovered that the slopes with nesting, the particle size of 1-0.5 mm weight percent lower than the slopes without kingfisher nesting (P＝0.019). The weight percentage of particle size 0.25-0.104 mm in the nesting slopes are higher than the slopes without kingfisher nesting (P＝0.022). Other particle size differences was not significant. The kingfisher used soils with sandy clay loam and sandy loam. The selection of soil texture may be affected by it drainage and cohesion. Kingfisher produced 4-7 eggs of each nest, with an average clutch size at 5.1 ± 1.5 eggs (n=16). The recorded hatchling are 3-7 chicks, the average number of hatching is 3.8 ± 2.9 (n=11). The reproductive success rate is 62.4%. The kingfishers incubation period is 26 days (n=15), brooding takes about 20 days (n=12), after the fledgling leaves the nest, the fledgling will live close to the nest for about two weeks. In the future, this study can provide management of the riparian or wetland and preserve the bank to breed for the kingfisher or Plain Martian (Riparia paludicola) in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

kingfisher ； breeding ； artificial slope

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