- 學位論文
飼糧胺基酸平衡和添加有機酸對離乳仔豬生長性能的影響
Effects of dietary amino acid balance and supplementation of organic acids on the growth performance in weaned piglets
摘要
本研究的目的是在探討飼糧胺基酸平衡配合添加有機酸對離乳仔豬生長成績和消化之影響，是否能作為取代仔豬飼糧使用抗生素進而降低飼料成本和商業損失。本研究分為下列三個試驗：試驗一酸化劑對體外大腸桿菌及沙門氏菌之抑菌效果，將甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、檸檬酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、延胡索酸、磷酸、丙酸鈣、丁酸鈉、磷酸鈣分別稀釋至各所需濃度，每個處理均4重複。將大腸桿菌和沙門氏菌分別接種到各種濃度的酸化劑中，並在37℃培養箱培育4小時，以模擬在胃中消化時間。培育後，將每種濃度之處理稀釋8倍後添加至培養基中，通過菌落得知各處理中大腸埃希菌和沙門氏菌的菌數；試驗二低蛋白飼糧中胺基酸平衡與否對離乳仔豬生長性能和消化之影響；試驗三低蛋白飼糧中胺基酸平衡配合添加混合酸對離乳仔豬生長性能之影響。試驗二採用三品種雜交（LYD）平均初始重為6.92公斤的離乳仔豬12頭；試驗三採用三品種雜交（LYD）平均初始重為7.25公斤的離乳仔豬32頭。試驗二、試驗三皆飼養於環境氣候室，測定其生長成績、下痢情形，試驗二多測定消化率。試驗二、試驗三資料收集包括週增重、每日攝食量、下痢隻數、下痢次數。試驗一結果顯示：大腸桿菌的最小抑菌濃度（MIC 90）為0.25%之甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和磷酸＜0.5%之檸檬酸、乳酸和蘋果酸＜2%之丙酸鈣＜3%之延胡索酸；沙門氏菌的最低抑菌濃度（MIC 90）為0.25%之甲酸和丙酸＜0.5%之乙酸、丁酸、檸檬酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、磷酸和丙酸鈣＜2.5%之丁酸鈉＜3%之延胡索酸，磷酸鈣個試驗濃度對大腸桿菌及沙門氏菌並未達抑菌效果。試驗二結果顯示：胺基酸平衡處理組對離乳仔豬生長成績有較佳之趨勢；試驗三結果顯示：胺基酸平衡配合無添加混合酸處理組對生長性能顯著較佳。綜合上述實驗結果發現，短鏈脂肪酸於體外試驗能顯著降低大腸桿菌及沙門氏菌菌數，低蛋白飼糧胺基酸平衡有助於提升離乳仔豬生長性能，若配合添加混合酸，混合酸處理組僅對不平衡胺基酸處理有提升生長性能之效果，對於胺基酸平衡處理反而會降低生長性能。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of dietary amino acid balance supplementation of organic acids on the growth performance and digestion of weaned piglets, and whether it can replace the antibiotics in piglet diets to reduce feed costs and trade loss. This study was divided into three trials. In Trial 1 of the antibacterial effects of acidifiers on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in vitro, using formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, phosphoric acid, calcium propionate, sodium butyrate, and calcium phosphate were diluted to each required concentration, and each treatment was repeated 4 times. Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica were respectively inoculated into various concentrations of acidulants, and incubated in a 37°C incubator for 4 hours to simulate the digestion time in the stomach. After incubation, the treatments of each concentration were diluted 8 times and then added to the tryptone soy agar, and the bacterial counts of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in each treatment were obtained by measuring the colony; In Trail 2, whether the amino acid balance in the low-protein diet is effective of growth performance and digestion in weaned piglets; In Trail 3, The effect of amino acid balance in low-protein diet supplementation of acid blend on the growth performance in weaned piglets. Trial 2 used 12 three-breed hybrid (LYD) with average initial weight of 6.92 kg; Trial 3 used 32 three-breed hybrid (LYD) with an average initial weight of 7.25 kg. Trail 2 and Trail 3 were kept in a climate chamber to determine their growth performance and incidence of diarrhea, and Trail 2 were mostly to determine digestibility. Data collection for Trail 2 and Trail 3 included weekly weight gain, daily food intake, times of diarrhea, and numbers of diarrhea. The result of Trail 1 showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 90) of Escherichia coli was 0.25% formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and phosphoric acid <0.5% citric acid, lactic acid and malic acid <2% calcium propionate < 3% fumaric acid; Salmonella enterica minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 90) is 0.25% formic acid and propionic acid <0.5% acetic acid, butyric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid and calcium propionate <2.5% sodium butyrate<3% fumaric acid . The test concentrations of calcium phosphate did not achieve the antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. The results of Trail 2 showed that the amino acid balance treatment group had better growth performance for weaning piglets; the results of Trail 3 showed that the amino acid balance treatment group with no added acid blend treatment group had significantly better growth performance.Based on the above experimental results, it is found that short-chain fatty acids can significantly reduce the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella bacteria in in vitro tests. The amino acid balance of low-protein diets can help improve the growth performance on weaned piglets. If acid blend is added, the acid blend treatment group can only improve the growth performance of imbalance amino acid treatment, while the amino acid balance treatment will reduce the growth performance.