竹葉林庄下淡水都司營暨文化資源之研究

竹葉林庄位於屏東平原中部偏北，又稱竹葉林、竹葉庄，屬於六堆地區的前堆，今為屏東縣長治鄉德協、德成兩村的合稱。本庄開發於清領康熙時期，先民由大陸廣東省嘉應州來臺墾殖，開渠作圳蓽路藍縷，至雍正期間築寮聚居逐漸成庄。這個擁有三百年歷史的客家聚落，延續著崇天敬祖的精神，維繫著宗族情感的紐帶。世世代代務農，對於土地有著根深柢固的崇敬，農業社會依循廿四節氣之作息，是故對於春祈秋報的社稷特別重視奉行，當地客家人稱之為「祈福」和「還福」。竹葉林庄位在屏東平原下淡水溪東側，具有軍事上的地位，光緒11年（1885）屏東縣內最高軍事指揮營──下淡水都司營移建至此，至今已有一百三十幾年的歷史，民國105年（2016）由屏東縣政府將下淡水都司營遺構指定為「縣定古蹟」，雖然遺構僅存北門殘跡，卻具有稀少且不易再現及以民間卵石營造工藝等歷史價值。竹葉林庄有珍貴的有形及無形文化資產，但豐富深厚之文化蘊涵逐漸消失與被遺忘。本研究藉由文獻分析法理出聚落發展脈絡並找出重點與特色；以半結構式訪談法，訪問相關專家、學者、公部門及在地居民，廣納各方看法與建議，佐以深入訪談讓歷史記憶重現；再以參與觀察法，置身於每個宗教活動中體驗並紀錄。從清領時期先民移墾時帶入之三山國王金身、現址始建於清朝的國王宮、為感謝下淡水都司營放租隆恩田所設置之隆恩伯公、竹葉庄古門樓等；到日據時期的角頭伯公、有應公等；及中華中華民國時期的抗日防空洞及敬字亭等有形文化資源；還有不同時代的三合院民宅建築交錯縱橫，能夠反映歷史風貌和地方特色；更有珍貴無形之三獻禮瘞毛血祭儀。無論是有形還是無形的文化資源，皆經居民的共同意識下形塑了聚落的信仰與文化生活的獨特樣態。關鍵詞：客家、聚落、文化資源、還福、下淡水都司營

關鍵字

客家；聚落；文化資源；還福；下淡水都司營

並列摘要

Zhuyehlin village is located in the North central region of Pingtung Plain which is also known as Zhuyehlin forest and Zhuye village. Zhuyehlin village belongs to the front part of Liudui area and indicates the area of Dehsieh and Decheng Village of Pingtung County nowadays. It is originated in Kangxi period of Qing dynasty. Ancestors have immigrated from Jiaying prefecture of Guangdong Province. After years of reclamation and struggles, this area has developed to be a village in Yongzheng Period. This Hakka community has the history of 300 years and maintains the habit of worship to god and ancestors and the concept of clan persistently. As the result of farming for decades, all the villagers have been reverent to the land. The life styles in the traditional agricultural society follow the 24 solar terms. Therefore, it is highly valued to pray to the god of land in spring and to express thanks in autumn. This custom is called “pray” and “return blessings” by local hakka villagers. Zhuyehlin village is located on the eastern side of the Lower Danshuei River in Pingtung plain and has military advantages. In the 11th year of Guangxu Period in Qing Dynasty (1885), the Lower Danshuei Regional Command, the supreme military headquarter of Pingtung County, has moved to this area. It has been established for over 130 years. In 2016, it has been assigned to be a county designate. Although there is only the north gate left in the whole structures, it has the historical value of rareness and local pebble construction arts. Therefore, it is considered to be both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. This study analyzes the community developments with the method of document analysis and discovers the features of it. All the stories and information has been collected by deeply interviewing experts, researchers, public sectors and locals of related fields with the method of semi-structured interviews in order to reproduce the memory of history. In addition, participant observation method has been used in the study to record the experiences of participating various religious activities. This study includes not only the tangible cultural heritage such as statue of the Lords of the Three Mountains brought by the immigrants in Qing Dynasty, the temple of the Lords of the Three Mountains established in Qing Dynasty, the LungEn God of Land established to thank the Lower Danshuei Regional Command for leasing the LungEn farm, Zhuyehlin Village gate, and Sanheyuan shrine in Qing Dynasty, the Jiaotou God of Land, Youying Gong and Sanheyuan in Japanese Colonial period, the air-raid shelters, the kilns for sacrificing written paper and Sanheyuan in the era of Republic of China but also precious intangible cultural heritage such as Three Offering ceremony. It is truly hoped that the cultural resources obtained from the investigations and researches will inspire further studies of preservation and reusability. Keyword: Hakka, Community, Cultural Resources, Return Blessings, the Lower Danshuei Regional Command