社區林業計畫工作項目內容分析及社區發展模式個案探討

社區林業計畫以「社區營造」為操作原則，藉由居民參與來落實社區的培力，循序漸進地推動社區參與資源保育，並活化利用社區自然人文資源。本研究蒐集自2014至2018年社區林業第一階段計畫，經各林區管理處推薦執行成效良好之協會組織，從中挑選通過第一階段社區林業計畫三次以上社區，共有65個社區241份計畫書，並以內容分析法進行計畫工作項目次數分析，修訂知識結構分類圖。研究結果顯示，社區林業計畫工作可分為九個項目，包含：教育訓練、資源調查、環境設施維護、刊物製作、巡護監測、行銷推廣、參訪活動、造林綠美化及社區產業，工作項目下再細分階層，以顯示工作項目及進一步的細項內容。研究進一步以人事時地物分析表萃取工作重點，藉以呈現各工作項目的內容全貌，期有助於快速掌握社區林業計畫的整體知識架構及內容重點。配合深度訪談法，針對臺東縣鹿野鄉永安社區與花蓮縣牛犁社區交流協會進行個案研究，瞭解社區林業工作項目歷年演變，以及計畫的時間及空間特性，顯示社區林業計畫對於社區發展的正面影響。

關鍵字

社區林業；內容分析法；知識管理

並列摘要

Using “community construction” as the operating principle, the community forestry plan realizes the local capability, gradually promotes community participation in resource conservation, and activates the utilization of community natural and cultural resources through public participation. This investigation collated the plans for the first phase of community forestry between 2014 and 2018. Based on the recommendation from the Forest District Office in terms of excellent execution, some organizations were selected. Amongst these organizations, communities that passed the first phase of community forestry plan more than three times were chosen. This gives a total of 241 plans from 65 communities and content analysis was performed to analyse the frequency of work items on the plans and revise the knowledge framework classification map. The result showed that the work in the community forestry plan can be divided into nine items namely, educational training, the survey on resources, environmental facilities maintenance, publication production, patrol monitoring, marketing and promotion, visits, afforestation and beautification as well as community industry. These work items can be further grouped into a hierarchy, showcasing the work item and the detailed description. This investigation took a step further and used an analysis table for people, issues, timings, locations, and objects to extract the key points of the work. By representing the full picture of each item, it is hoped to help others to grasp the overall knowledge framework and the key content of the community forestry plan. Along with the in-depth interview, case studies were conducted for Taitung County Luye Township Yong-An Community Development Association and Hualien Country Nou-Li InterCommunity Association to understand the evolution of community forestry work items and the time and space characteristics of the plans. This would showcase the positive impact the community forestry plans have on community development.