- 學位論文
利用養豬場廢水培養餌料生物─水蚤之可行性評估
The feasible evaluation on cultivation of food organism-Daphnia using piggery waste water as a medium
摘要
養豬場厭氧消化廢水中含高濃度有機質，如細菌及微小生物碎屑等，用以培育餌料生物，如水蚤 (Daphnia spp.) 等，作為魚苗初期餌料，讓豬糞尿水再次利用，解決農業廢棄物污染及降低對生態的衝擊。然引用豬場厭氧消化廢水作為培養基質，仍有疫病傳播、藥物殘留、重金屬累積等疑慮，故本研究將探討以豬糞尿廢水培育水蚤作為魚苗初期餌料之可行性。結果顯示取豬糞尿水之水蚤培育池其底土、地下水源之八大重金屬及生物體藥物殘留量與鄰近淡水長臂大蝦池 (對照組) 相比無顯著差異，而藥物殘留種類與廢水來源之養豬場投藥種類一致；檢測餵養之魚體並無藥物殘留及寄生蟲等疫病。為分析以豬糞尿廢水培育水蚤作為金目鱸魚苗初期餌料之經濟效益，分為餵飼商業飼料、水蚤及豐年蝦組，餵飼14天後分析，結果顯示餵飼商業飼料、水蚤及豐年蝦組其活存率分別為0.09%、18.2%、16.4%，飼料成本每尾分別為0.014、0.47、6.8元，雖餵飼豐年蝦及水蚤組其魚苗活存率相近，然飼料成本卻高於水蚤組13倍。綜上結論，以豬場厭氧消化廢水作為初期餌料生物培養基質，不會造成養殖生物疫病傳播及環境衛生問題、無引致生物體與其環境中重金屬累積疑慮、更符合環保放流水排放標準，亦能降低水產種苗生產成本，為值得推廣的農業循環再利用事業。
並列摘要
The piggery waste water contains high concentrations of organic matter such as bacteria and tiny biological debris through anaerobically digested treatment, which available on food organisms, Daphnia spp, culture. The use of piggery waste water could reduce pollution of agricultural waste and impact on the environment. However, the use of piggery waste water as the culture medium still has doubts about the spread of diseases, drug residues and accumulation of heavy metals. Therefore, this study investigated the feasibility of using water from piggery waste water to breed Daphnia spp. as food for fry during their early stages. The results showed that amount of eight heavy metals and drug residues in the subsoil and groundwater source of the Daphnia spp. cuture pond, which water source supplied from piggery waste water, were no significant differences compared which the adjacent pond prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, near by prawn pond (served as control group). While the types of drug residues are consistent with the drugs used in the pig farms where the piggery waste water is sourced. After the fry feed with Daphnia spp. from culture pond of piggery waste water source supplied, no drugs residual and parasites diseases were determined. In order to analyze the benefits of using daphnia, which from pond of piggery waste water source supplied, as the food for Lates calcarifer fry, it was divided into three groups, fed with commercial feed, Daphnia spp. and Artemia for 14 days. The results showed that survival rate of feeding commercial feed, Daphnia spp. and Artemia group was 0.09%, 18.2% and 16.4% respectively, and the feed cost was 0.014, 0.47 and 6.8 dollars respectively. Although the survival rate of the fry in the Artemia and Daphnia spp. group was similar, the feed cost was 13 times higher than Daphnia spp. group. In conclusion, the use of anaerobic digestion PE from pig farms as the food organisms culture medium will not cause the spread of diseases and pollution, no accumulation of heavy metals in living organisms and environment, and correspond to water discharge standards, also reduce the cost of aquatic fry production. It is an agricultural recycling and reuse enterprise worth promoting.