- 學位論文
分離和鑑定在蟑螂糞便的提取物中聚集的化合物
Isolation and Identification of Aggregation Compounds from Cockroach Fecal Extracts
摘要
摘要 學號: M10722022 論文題目: 分離和鑑定在蟑螂糞便的提取物中聚集的化合物 總頁數: 79 頁 學校名稱: 國立屏東科技大學 系(所)別: 熱帶農業暨國際合作系 畢業時間及摘要別: 108 學年第2 學期碩士學位論文摘要 研究生: 米奈蕾 指導教授:卡雷納 博士 論文摘要內容: 蜚蠊，俗名蟑螂，為多種病原體及寄生蟲之帶原者，經常於覓食過 程中汙染食物而導致食物汙染使人類生病。即使市面上已經有多種商用殺蟲劑宣稱能有效清除蟑螂，但大多數的殺蟲劑效果不但不如預期，更會對環境造成威脅及汙染。許多研究相信蟑螂糞便會對其社會性聚集行為造成影響，過往的研究更證實蟑螂排遺中的揮發性羧酸為刺激德國姬蠊 (Blatella germanica L.) 聚集行為之化合物，但目前在其他蟑螂種類中還尚未發現類似的影響。 此項研究目的在於找出美洲大蜚蠊(Periplaneta americana) 及德國蜚蠊 (Blatella germanica L.) 糞便中可刺激聚集行為之物質，並以甲醇萃取法、氣相色譜質譜法及不同濃度 (0，1，2，5 和 10%) 之糞便萃取物觀察蟑螂對食物樣本之喜好度。於五次試驗中，10% 之糞便萃取物有較好的成果，且有潛力可開發成殺蟲劑。 經氣相色譜-質譜分析法分析，於兩種蟑螂的糞便中有三項共有的主 要化合物: 棕櫚酸 (正十六烷酸)甲酯、二丙酮醇、及二甲基硅烷二醇。在喜好度測試中，二丙酮醇及棕櫚酸被添加於樣本中以觀察蟑螂之反應；在食物喜好度試驗中，揮發性化合物在單獨使用之情形對蟑螂之吸引及取食量沒有顯著差異。但如果將揮發性物質及食物以1:1 的比例混合，則可以吸引蟑螂從躲藏地點引出。經實驗證實，濃度10%之糞便萃取物對於蟑螂之察覺時間、食物之吸引力及攝食量有最好的結果。為了縮短蟑螂對於化合物之察覺時間，更精確及完善的混合比例仍有待研究及測試。 關鍵字: 聚集、細菌、萃取、腸道菌種、費洛蒙
並列摘要
Abstract Student ID: M10722022 Title of Thesis: Isolation and Identification of Aggregation Compounds from Cockroach Fecal Extracts Total Pages: 75 pages Name of Institute: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation Graduation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Date: July 10, 2020 Degree Conferred: Master Degree Name of Student: Minenhle Thwala Nxumalo Advisor: Lekhnath Kafle, Ph.D. The Contents of Abstract in This Thesis: Cockroaches are carriers of several pathogens and some parasitic worms that are capable of causing several diseases to human, they spread these by contaminating food storages that they visit during foraging. Even though some commercial pesticides are available to clear out cockroaches most are not effective and may pose danger of environmental contamination. Fecal matter of cockroaches and few other species in the same order is believed to influence their social behavior. Previous studies have proven that the availability of volatile carboxylic acids in feces of these species is responsible for primarily the aggregation ehaviour of German cockroaches Blattella germanica (L.). However; it is still not founded for other cockroach species. This study was conducted to determine the availability of compounds responsible for aggregation from fecal matter of both American cockroach Periplaneta americana and German cockroach Blattella germanica, and also to isolate and identify the compounds which are responsible for the aggregation in cockroaches, using methanol extraction and GC-MS. Different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 %) of fecal extract were used to determine its effect on food preference, thereby five treatments were formulated hence the superior concentration of 10% was further used to formulate a bait. GC-MS analysis results revealed three major compounds (Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl and Silanediol, dimethyl) that were present in both species of cockroaches. Pentanoic and hexadecanoic acid were used to test for attraction by means of a food choice tests. The feces derived volatile compound failed to induce significant attraction and food intake whenused separately (1%) in the diets but were able to elicit attraction whencombined (1:1) in the diets. Fecal extract at 10% concentration was the best diet in terms of detection time, food attraction and food consumed. Further combination of the compounds still need to be tested in future studies to determine the best combination in terms of detection time for both German and American cockroaches. Keywords: aggregation, bacteria, extraction, gut microbes, pheromones