機車雙碟連動煞車系統之設計與研究

兩輪車輛具有機動性高、價格低、體積小等特性為台灣民眾最常使用交通工具之一，近年來安全意識抬頭，政府為鼓勵民眾選購安全性較佳產品，針對裝設防鎖死煞車系統(Anti-lock Braking System, ABS)或連動式煞車系統(Combined Brake System, CBS)之車款給予補助，未來法規強制機車安裝ABS或CBS，其中CBS是一種連動前、後輪煞車的機構，駕駛者只需要按壓左手煞車拉桿，前後輪均會產生煞車力；目前市場上機車煞車系統分為鼓式及碟式，連動系統也依據煞車形式組合分為雙鼓、前碟後鼓式及雙碟式三種型式，本研究針對前後雙碟車輛提出連動煞車系統。目前市售雙碟連動煞車系統為固定比例分配前後輪煞車，前輪的煞車比例偏低，且分配器油室共用，雙手同時操作時，煞車把手互推造成手感不佳，本研究針對市面上雙碟連動式煞車系統缺點進行修正，針對煞車力分配、煞車性能及體感進行分析，提出新型態連動煞車連動機構設計構想。研究內容包括:液壓煞車系統特性分析、最佳煞車配比探討、機械設計與試作、實車性能驗證等。本研究已經完成雙碟連動煞車機構設計與試作，實車動態煞車測試結果，於60Km/hr緊急煞車時，滿載平均減速度達7.2 m/s2及前輪失效平均減速度達3.1m/s2，達法規規範，動態性能獲得車廠肯定。為讓產品具備商品性，本研究建立完成實車動態體感量測系統以及煞車體感之主觀評價與客觀評價之關聯性分析。另外，為了確保設計產品之可靠度，研究中建立了液壓模組分析平台，透過實驗分析，探討CBS之機械設計問題。

關鍵字

機車；連動煞車系統；機車煞車動態；煞車比例

並列摘要

Two-wheeled vehicles have advantages of high maneuverability, low price, and small size. They are one of the most common transportation tools in Taiwan. However, the high usage rate has caused many traffic problems. Safety awareness has risen during recent years. The government in Taiwan has given subsidies to encourage people to choose more safety scooters such as those equipped with Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) or Combined Brake System (CBS). Furthermore, formulates the regulations requiring scooters must be installed ABS or CBS in the future, in which CBS is a mechanism that links the front and rear brakes. With the CBS, drivers could brake both the front and rear wheels by using only left brake lever. The brake system of scooters in the market is divided into drum and disc types. The CBS can be designed to applied to drum-drum, disk-drum and disk-disk types. This study is focused on the disk-disk brake. Currently, the commercially available CBS for the disk-disk brake system distributes the front and rear wheel brakes with a low proportion of front wheel brake. Some products have the problems of existing interference between the two brake levers, leading to a poor handling feeling. In this thesis, the defects of common-used disk-disk type CBS will be solved by proposing a new design of CBS. Issues such as effects of braking force distribution on the braking performance and comfort will be analyzed. The works include analysis of brake dynamics, system design, and mechanical design. The proposed CBS has been implemented in a scooter with disk-disk brake. The emergency braking tests at the speed above 60Km/hr have been performed on the road with =0.9. The test results showed that the scooter equipped with the designed CBS can reach decelerations of 7.2 m/s2 for laden and 3.1 m/ s2 when front wheel failure. A series of driving tests to identify the relationship between subjective and objective evaluations in braking comfort is also conducted. Finally, to ensure the reliability of the designed products, a test rig was established to analyze the problems may exist in the CBS.