- 學位論文
利用多尺度遙測技術分析臺灣稻稈燃燒碳排放
Using Multi-Scale Remote Sensing Technology to Analysis the Carbon Emissions from Rice Straw Combustion in Taiwan
摘要
稻稈露天燃燒是臺灣地區常見處理農業廢棄物的方式之一，然而農業廢棄物之生質燃燒排放為空氣汙染物之重要來源，會影響當地空氣品質，並在短時間內排放大量汙染物，如一氧化碳(Carbon Monoxide, CO)、二氧化碳(Carbon Dioxide, CO2)，甲烷(Methane, CH4)等溫室效應氣體，故臺灣現已明令禁止焚燒稻稈。遙感探測(Remote Sensing, RS)技術具有綜觀全覽、短期重複且穩定觀測的能力，如衛星火點資料是由衛星搭載多光譜感測器，解析中紅外(Middle-Infrared)與熱紅外(Thermal Infrared)的光譜訊息，評估地表較高溫區域，即可發現火點位置。目前火災監測衛星主要為TERRA、AQUA 及 Suomi NPP，搭載MODIS、VIIRS感測器，其提供之火點產品資料是目前火災檢測最主要資料來源之一。本研究透過臺灣本島稻田分布圖資，分析2011-2020年臺灣各縣市稻米產量，依據穀蒿比1:1.35、碳含量係數0.39估算臺灣本島稻稈碳儲存量，估算十年平均臺灣稻稈理論年碳存量約有900,500.69 tons、第一期稻作之稻稈每公頃理論平均碳存量約為3.46 tons；第二期約為2.63 tons。結合燃燒火點數據及衛星航空影像，分析稻作收成時節露天燃燒區位頻率變化，以規整化燃燒率推估農廢燃燒面積，建構三條稻作區燃燒區塊判定之準則：(一)火點發生位置位於稻田坵塊之上；(二)燃燒區塊內有焦黑之色塊；(三)燃燒區塊內地貌前後變化有較大差異者。研究結果呈現，稻稈焚燒事件密集發生於以彰化縣為主的臺灣中南部地區，根據焚燒後產生之三態廢棄物各自佔比換算後，第一期稻作收成期之稻稈燃燒碳排放量介於132.18~152.11 tons、第二期稻作收成期之稻稈燃燒碳排放量介於165.12~190.02 tons。本研究所得之稻稈燃燒偵測流程及後續估算，未來可提供空氣汙染物排放量之參考依據。
並列摘要
Open burning of rice straw is one of the common treatment methods in Taiwan, however, the biomass burning of agricultural waste is an important source of air pollution, which will affect the local air quality and emit a large amount of pollutants such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases, so Taiwan has now explicitly prohibited the burning of rice straw. Remote sensing technology has the ability of comprehensive, short-term repetitive and stable observation, such as the satellite fire data is a multi-spectral sensor on board the satellite, to resolve the middle-infrared and thermal infrared spectral information, to assess the higher temperature areas of the surface, to find the location of the fire. Currently, the main fire monitoring satellites are TERRA, AQUA and Suomi NPP, which are equipped with MODIS and VIIRS sensors, and their fire point product information is one of the most important sources of fire detection. In this study, we analyzed the rice production in each county and city of Taiwan from 2011 to 2020 through the distribution of rice fields on Taiwan Island. tons; the second phase is about 2.63 tons. Subsequently, the combustion fire data and satellite aerial images were combined to analyze the frequency changes of open burning areas during the rice crop harvesting season, and to estimate the area of agricultural waste burning by regularizing the burning rate. Three criteria for determining the burning areas in the rice crop area were constructed: (1) the location of the fire is located above the rice field hillocks; (2) there are scorched black color patches in the burning areas; (3) there are large differences between the front and back changes of the landforms in the burning areas. Through the results of the study, it can be seen that rice straw burning events occur intensively in the south-central region of Taiwan, mainly in Changhua County, and the carbon emissions from rice straw burning in the first rice crop harvesting period are between 132.18~152.11 tons, and the carbon emissions from rice straw burning in the second rice crop harvesting period are between 165.12~190.02 tons, according to the conversion of the respective percentages of tristate waste generated after burning, The carbon emissions from the second stage of rice crop harvesting ranged from 664,624.8 to 764,861.3 tons. The straw combustion detection process and subsequent estimation obtained from this study can provide a reference for air pollutant emissions in the future.