鈣離子應用於改善網紋甜瓜(Cucumis melo var. reticulates Naud.)果實品質之研究

網紋甜瓜(Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.)為高經濟價值果菜類。近年來，設施栽培網紋甜瓜已是生產高品質甜瓜的必要條件之一。本研究主要探討授粉後第10天施用不同鈣濃度對甜瓜‘美華’果實品質之影響，並藉由植株葉片、果皮和果肉鈣元素分析，瞭解甜瓜對鈣的供應及需求，作為合理施肥的依據。春作試驗調整養液配方中不同鈣與硼濃度，將鈣、硼分別提升至鈣濃度為1,180 mg L-1、硼濃度為3 mg L-1(C.B.2處理)與鈣濃度為2,360 mg L-1、硼濃度為6 mg L-1 (C.B.3處理)，葉片及果實的元素分析中確實在鈣含量有所提升，硼含量在果實中並未顯現出差異。C.B.1處理的鈣、硼濃度雖然減少至59 mg L-1、硼濃度為0.15 mg L-1，在品質測定方面與其他3種處理有顯著差異。秋作則以不同鈣濃度倍數作為養液栽培網紋甜瓜試驗，分別為對照組(CK)、C.1處理(對照組0.1倍量)、C.2處理(對照組2倍量)及C.3處理(對照組4倍量)。4種處理在果實生長趨勢一致，果重以對照組為佳，糖度以C.3處理最高，C.1處理在品質測定都與3組處理有顯著差異，顯著影響單果重、硬度及可溶性固形物。網紋甜瓜10℃貯藏過程中，4種處理在呼吸率及乙烯生成部分趨於一致。貯藏後果實品質測定，也有同樣的表現，鈣濃度的提升並未顯著抑制果實的軟化。試驗結果顯示，以0.1倍量鈣濃度之養液栽培甜瓜，果實可溶性固形物、抗壞血酸及質地顯著降低。此外，鈣濃度在提高至2倍量和4倍量栽培時，並未顯著影響果肉厚度、單果重、抗壞血酸及可溶性固形物。故甜瓜水耕栽培時不宜以低濃度鈣量養液以免降低品質；而增加2倍量和4倍量鈣量養液可提高果皮含鈣量，果實品質數據有提升，但經統計上並無顯著差異。關鍵字：水耕、礦物元素分析、果實品質、網紋

關鍵字

水耕；礦物元素分析；果實品質；網紋

並列摘要

Abstract Reticulated melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.) is a fruit and vegetable of high economic value. In recent years, facility cultivation of reticulated melons has become one of the necessary conditions for the production of high-quality melons. This study mainly explored the effect of different calcium concentrations on the quality of melon ‘Mei-Hua’ fruit after fruit, and through the analysis of fruit calcium element, tounderstand the melon's demand for calcium, as a basis for rational fertilization. Take the calcium concentration (590 mg·L-1) suitable for fruit and vegetable crops as the control group, adjust the calcium concentration in the nutrient solution formula, a total of 590 mg. L-1 (1 times), 59 mg. L-1 (0.1 times), 1,180 mg. L-1 (2 times), 2,360 mg. L-1 (4 times). Cultivating melon with 0.1 times the calcium concentration of nutrient solution, the fruit quality was significantly reduced. In addition, when the calcium concentration was increased to 2 times and 4 times the amount of cultivation, it did not significantly affect the thickness of the pulp, single fruit weight, ascorbic acid and sugar content. Therefore, it is not advisable to use low-concentration calcium nutrient solution for hydroponic cultivation of melon in order to avoid reducing the quality; while increasing the amount of 2 times and 4 times of calcium nutrient solution can increase the calcium content of the peel, the fruit quality data has improved, but there is no statistically significant differences. Keywords: hydroponic, mineral elemental analysis, fruit quality, reticulation