領導經營者人格特質與領導風格分析

領導者(leader)與領導(leadership)被廣泛使用在各領域，但後續理論定義隨時間、場域推移所流變。然而，人才的價值已從勞力交換轉變為智慧的運思與創造。各階與高階領導經營者人才亦屬人力資源範疇，其領導風格與經營哲學(management philosophy)亦影響其所管理之組織文化(organizational culture)的氛圍與發展。故成功的領導經營者之人格特質(personality traits)，將會影響其提供給組織的貢獻性。心理學研究已然發展出較易識別之五大人格特質理論(Big Five personality traits)且被多數研究者肯認。基於上觀察，本研究欲透過紮根理論模式，對於受訪者做訪談，並談論領導經營者之領導哲學、領導決策、領導特質與促進組織文化與動機之研究。遂輔以五大人格特質理論、紮根理論模式做探索、歸納，進而發展出領導經營者重要人格特質與管理哲學之分析。本研究結果發現，初、中、高階之領導經營者的領導風格不盡相同，同階層之領導者更因不同的工作性質，而與不同的人格特質有所關聯。先前文獻探討亦提出不同的領導風格與領導經營者不同的學習成長背景所形塑出的人格特質有關。故本研究之結果，或許可以提供未來企業、人力資源部門，抑或是人才徵求時，提供一個可以參考的人才徵詢架構，以協助將對的人才放在對的工作位置。

關鍵字

領導者；領導經營者；五大人格特質；領導風格；人力資源

並列摘要

Leader and leadership are widely used in various fields, but the subsequent theoretical definitions change over time and field. However, the value of talent has changed from labor exchange to intelligent thinking and creation. Leaders and managers of all levels and high-level talents also belong to the category of human resources, and their leadership style and management philosophy also affect the atmosphere and development of the organizational culture they manage. Therefore, the personality traits of successful leaders and managers will affect their contribution to the organization. Psychological research has developed the Big Five personality traits (Big Five personality traits) that are easier to identify and are recognized by most researchers. Based on the above observations, this research intends to conduct interviews with interviewees through a grounded theoretical model, and discuss the leadership philosophy, leadership decision-making, leadership characteristics and the promotion of organizational culture and motivation. Supplemented by the five personality traits theories and grounded theoretical models to explore and summarize, and then develop the analysis of the important personality traits and management philosophy of leaders and managers. The results of this study found that the leadership styles of junior, middle, and senior leaders are not the same. Leaders of the same class are more related to different personality traits due to different nature of work. Previous literature discussions also pointed out that different leadership styles are related to the personality traits shaped by the different learning and growth backgrounds of leaders and managers. herefore, the results of this study may be able to provide future companies, human resources departments, or talent solicitation, to provide a reference framework for talent solicitation to help put the right talents in the right job positions.